PROCLAMATION NO. 2146
[DECEMBER 14, 1981]
PROCLAIMING CERTAIN AREAS AND TYPES OF PROJECTS AS ENVIRONMENTALLY CRITICAL AND WITHIN THE SCOPE OF THE ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT STATEMENT SYSTEM ESTABLISHED UNDER PRESIDENTIAL DECREE NO. 1586.
WHEREAS, it is the national policy to attain and maintain a rational and orderly balance between socio-economic growth and environmental conservation and protection;
WHEREAS, there is an urgent need to bring about an intensive, integrated program of environmental protection through a requirement of environmental impact assessments and statements;
WHEREAS, the environmental impact statement system established under Presidential Decree No. 1586 calls for the proper management of environmentally critical area,
WHEREAS, the pursuit of a comprehensive and integrated environmental protection program necessitates the establishment and institutionalization of a system whereby the exigencies of socio-economic undertakings can be reconciled with the requirements of environmental protection and conservation;
WHEREAS, the national leadership mandates the establishment of such a system to regulate and minimize the environmental impacts of projects and undertakings which may significantly affect the quality of the environment in Presidential Decree No. 1586, and
WHEREAS, in the effective implementation of such a system, there arises the need to identify and declare certain projects determined to be environmentally critical.
NOW, THEREFORE, I, FERDINAND E. MARCOS, President of the Philippines, by virtue of the powers vested in me by law, hereby proclaim the following areas and types of projects as environmentally critical and within the scope of the Environmental Impact Statement System.
A. Environmentally Critical Projects
I. Heavy Industries
a.Non-ferrous metal industries
b. Iron and steel mills
c.Petroleum and petro-chemical industries including oil and gas
d. Smelting plants
II. Resource Extractive Industries
a.Major mining and quarrying projects
b. Forestry projects
1. Logging
2. Major wood processing projects
3. Introduction of fauna (exotic-animals) in public/private forests
4. Forest occupancy
5.Extraction of mangrove products
6. Grazing
c. Fishery Projects
1. Dikes for fishpond development projects
III. Infrastructure Projects
a. Major dams
b. Major power plants (fossil-fueled, nuclear fueled, hydroelectric or geothermal)
c. Major reclamation projects
d. Major roads and bridges.
B. Environmentally Critical Areas
1. All areas declared by law as national parks, watershed reserves, wildlife preserves and sanctuaries;
2. Areas set aside as aesthetic potential tourist spots;
3. Areas which constitute the habitat for any endangered or threatened species of indigenous Philippine Wildlife (flora and fauna);
4. Areas of unique historic, archaeological , or scientific interests;
5. Areas which are traditionally occupied by cultural communities or tribes;
6. Areas frequently visited and/or hard-hit by natural calamities geologic hazards, floods, typhoons, volcanic activity, etc.
7. Areas with critical slopes;
8. Areas classified as prime agricultural lands;
9. Recharged areas of aquifers;
10. Water bodies characterized by one or any combination of the following conditions;;
a. tapped for domestic purposes;;
b. within the controlled and/or protected areas declared by appropriate authorities;
c. which support wildlife and fishery activities.
11. Mangrove areas characterized by one or any combination or the following conditions:
a. with primary pristine and dense young growth;
b. adjoining mouth of major river systems;
c. near or adjacent to traditional productive fry or fishing grounds;
d. which act as natural buffers against shore erosion, strong winds and storm floods;
e. on which people are dependent for their livelihood.
12. Coral reef characterized by one or any combination of the following conditions:
a. with 50% and above live coralline cover;
b. Spawning and nursery grounds for fish;
c. Which act as natural breakwater of coastlines.
This Proclamation shall take effect immediately.
IN WITNESS WHEREOF, I have hereunto set my hand and caused the seal of the Republic of the Philippines to be affixed.
Done in the City of Manila, this 14th day of December, in the year of Our Lord, nineteen hundred and eighty one.
(SGD.) FERDINAND E. MARCOS
President of the Philippines
By the President:
JUAN C. TUVERA
Presidential Executive Assistant
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PD 1152 Philippine Environment Code
PRESIDENTIAL DECREE NO. 1152
[PHILIPPINE ENVIRONMENT CODE]
WHEREAS, the broad spectrum of environment has become a matter of vital concern to the government;
WHEREAS, the national leadership has taken a step towards this direction by creating the National Environment Protection Council under Presidential Decree No. 1121;
WHEREAS, it is necessary that the creation of the Council be complemented with the launching of a comprehensive program of environmental protection and management;
WHEREAS, such a program can assume tangible and meaningful significance only by establishing specific environment management policies and prescribing environment quality standards in a Philippine Environment Code.
NOW, THEREFORE, I, Ferdinand E. Marcos, President of the Republic of the Philippines, by virtue of the powers vested in me by the Constitution, do hereby order and decree:
Section 1
Short Title
This decree shall be known and cited as "The Philippine Environment Code."
TITLE I
AIR QUALITY MANAGEMENT
Section 2
Purposes
The purposes of this Title are:
a. to achieve and maintain such levels of air quality as to protect public health; and
b. to prevent to the greatest extent practicable, injury and/or damage to plant and animal life and property, and promote the social economic development of the country.
Chapter I
Standards
Section 3
Ambient Air Quality Standards
There shall be established ambient air quality standards which shall prescribe the maximum concentration of air pollutants permissible in the atmosphere consistent with public health, safety and general welfare.
In the establishment of ambient air quality standards, factors such as local atmospheric conditions, location and land use, and available technology, shall be considered among others.
Section 4
National Emission Standards
There shall be established national emission standards for new and existing stationary and mobile sources of pollution which shall consider among others such factors as type of industry, practicable control technology available, location and land use, and the nature of pollutants emitted.
Section 5
Community Noise Standards
Appropriate standards for community noise levels shall be established considering, among others, location, zoning and land use classification
Section 6
Standards for Noise-Producing Equipment
There shall be established a standard for noise-producing equipment such as construction equipment, transportation equipment, stationary engines, and electrical or electronic equipment and such similar equipment or contrivances. The standard shall set a limit on the acceptable level of noise emitted from a given equipment for the protection of public health and welfare, considering among others, the magnitude and condition of use, the degree of noise reduction achievable through the application of best available technology and the cost of compliance.
The installation of any noise-producing equipment shall conform with the requirements of Presidential Decree No. 1096 and other applicable laws as well as their implementing rules and regulations.
Section 7
Aircraft Emission and Sonic Booms
Appropriate government agencies shall encourage research studies on the harmful effects of aircraft emissions in the environment in order to establish permissible emission standards.
Research and studies shall also be undertaken to mitigate and/or minimize the effects of sonic booms in the environment.
Chapter II
Regulation and Enforcement
Section 8
Air Quality and Noise Standards
National Pollution Control Commission in coordination with appropriate government agencies shall be responsible for the enforcement of ambient air quality emission and noise standards, including the monitoring and surveillance of air pollutants, licensing and permitting of air pollution control facilities, and the promulgation of appropriate rules and regulations.
Existing air quality emission and noise standards may be revised and/or modified consistent with new development and technology.
Section 9
Aircraft Noise
Community noise standards around airports shall be implemented by the Civil Aeronautics Administration in coordination with the National Pollution Control Commission.
Section 10
Vehicular Emission
The Land Transportation Commission, in coordination with the National Pollution Control Commission, shall implement emission standards for vehicles and may deputize other appropriate law enforcement agencies for the purpose.
Section 11
Radioactive Emissions
The release and emission of radioactivity into the environment incident to the establishment or possession of nuclear energy facilities and radioactive materials, handling, transport, production, storage, use and disposal of radio active materials shall be regulated by the Philippine Atomic Energy Commission in coordination with other appropriated government agencies.
Chapter III
Monitoring
Section 12
Air Quality Monitoring
The National Pollution Control Commission in coordination with appropriate government agencies, shall establish to the greatest extent practicable an air quality monitoring network. Such air quality monitoring network shall put to maximum use the capabilities of these agencies.
The National Environmental Protection Council shall be furnished with the results of air quality monitoring activities.
Section 13
Weather Modification
The Philippine Atmospheric, Geophysical and Astronomical Services Administration shall monitor regularly meteorological factors affecting environmental conditions in order to effectively guide air pollution monitoring activities.
Activities relating to weather modification such as rainfall stimulation and storm seeding experiments shall be undertaken in consultation or coordination with the Philippine Atmospheric, Geophysical and Astronomical Services Administration.
TITLE II
WATER QUALITY MANAGEMENT
Section 14
Purpose
It is the purpose of this Title to prescribe management guidelines aimed to protect and improve the quality of Philippine water resources through:
a. classification of Philippine waters;
b. establishment of water quality standards;
c. protection and improvement of the quality of Philippine water resources; and
d. responsibilities for surveillance and mitigation of pollution incidents.
Chapter I
Classification Standards
Section 15
Classification of Philippine Waters
The National Pollution Control Commission, in coordination with appropriate government agencies, shall classify Philippine waters, according to their best usage. In classifying said waters, the National Pollution Control Commission shall take into account, among others, the following:
a. the existing quality of the body of water at the time of classification;
b. the size, depth, surface area covered, volume, direction, rate of flow, gradient of stream; and
c. the most beneficial uses of said bodies of water and lands bordering them for residential, agricultural, commercial, industrial, navigational, recreational, and aesthetic purposes.
Section 16
Reclassification of Waters
Based on Intended Beneficial Use
Where the public interest so requires, the National Pollution Control Commission, in coordination with appropriate government agencies, shall reclassify a body of water based on the intended beneficial use and take such steps as may be necessary to upgrade the quality of said water. Other government agencies may adopt higher standards for a particular body of water, subject to the approval of the National Pollution Control Commission.
Section 17
Upgrading of Water Quality
Where the quality of water has deteriorated to a degree where its state will adversely affect its best usage, the government agencies concerned shall take such measures as may be necessary to upgrade the quality of such water to meet the prescribed water quality standards.
Section 18
Water Quality Standards
The National Pollution Control Commission shall prescribe quality and effluent standards consistent with the guidelines set by the National Environmental Protection Council and the classification of waters prescribed in the preceding sections, taking into consideration, among others, the following:
a. the standard of water quality or purity may vary according to beneficial uses; and
b. the technology relating to water pollution control.
Chapter II
Protection and Improvement of Water Quality
Section 19
Enforcement and Coordination
The production, utilization, storage and distribution of hazardous, toxic and other substances such as radioactive materials, heavy metals, pesticides, fertilizers, and oils, and disposal, discharge and dumping of untreated wastewater, mine-tailings and other substances that may pollute any body of water of the Philippines resulting from normal operations of industries, water-borne sources, and other human activities, as well as those resulting from accidental spills and discharges shall be regulated by appropriate government agencies pursuant to their respective charters and enabling legislations. In the performance of the above functions, the government agencies concerned shall coordinate with the National Environmental Protection Council and furnish the latter with such information as may be necessary to enable it to attain its objectives under Presidential Decree No. 1121.
Section 20
Clean-up Operations
It shall be the responsibility of the polluter to contain, remove and clean-up water pollution incidents at his own expense. In case of his failure to do so, the government agencies concerned shall undertake containment, removal and clean-up operations and expenses incurred in said operations shall be charged against the persons and/or entities responsible for such pollution.
Section 21
Water Quality Monitoring and Surveillance
The various government agencies concerned with environmental protection shall establish to the greatest extent practicable a water quality surveillance and monitoring network with sufficient stations and sampling schedules to meet the needs of the country. Said water quality surveillance network shall put to maximum use the capabilities of such government agencies. Each agency involved in such network shall report to the National Environment Protection Council the results of these monitoring activities as the need arises.
TITLE III
LAND USE MANAGEMENT
Section 22
Purposes
The purposes of this Title are:
a. to provide a rational, orderly and efficient acquisition, utilization and disposition of land its resources in order to derive therefrom maximum benefits; and
b. to encourage the prudent use and conservation of land resources in order to prevent an imbalance between the nation’s needs and such resources.
Section 23
National Land Use Scheme
The Human Settlements Commission, in coordination with the appropriate agencies of the government, shall formulate and recommend to the National Environmental Protection Council a land use scheme consistent with the purpose of this Title.
The Land Use Scheme shall include, among others, the following:
a. a science-based and technology-oriented land inventory and classification system;
b. a determination of present land uses, the extent to which they are utilized, under-utilized, rendered idle or abandoned;
c. a comprehensive and accurate determination of the adaptability of the land for community development, agriculture, industry, commerce, and other fields of endeavor;
d. a method of identification of areas where uncontrolled development could result in irreparable damage to important historic, or aesthetic values, or nature systems or processes of national significance;
e. a method for exercising control by the appropriate government agencies over the use of land in area of critical environmental concern and areas impacted by public facilities including, but not limited to, airports, highways, bridges, ports and wharves, buildings and other infrastructure projects;
f. a method to ensure the consideration of regional development and land use in local regulations;
g. a policy for influencing the location of new communities and methods for assuring appropriate controls over the use of land around new communities;
h. a system of controls and regulations pertaining to areas and development activities designed to ensure that any source of pollution will not be located where it would result in a violation of any applicable environmental pollution control regulations; and
i. a recommended method for the periodic revisions and updating of the national land use scheme to meet changing conditions.
Section 24
Location of Industries
In the location of industries, factories, plants, depots and similar industrial establishments, the regulating or enforcing agencies of the government shall take into consideration the social, economic, geographic and significant environmental impact of said establishments.
TITLE IV
NATURAL RESOURCES MANAGEMENT AND CONSERVATION
Section 25
Purposes
The purpose of this Title are:
a. to provide the basics on the management and conservation of the country’s natural resources to obtain the optimum benefits therefrom and to preserve the same for the future generations; and
b. to provide general measures through which the aforesaid policy may be carried out effectively.
Chapter I
Fisheries and Aquatic Resources
Section 26
Management Policy
The National government, through the Department of Natural Resources, shall establish a system of rational exploitation of fisheries and aquatic resources within the Philippine territory and shall encourage citizen participation therein to maintain and/or enhance the optimum and continuous productivity of the same.
Section 27
Measures for Rational Exploitation
Measures for the rational exploitation of fisheries and other aquatic resources may include, but shall not be limited to, the following:
a. undertaking manpower and expertise development;
b. acquiring the necessary facilities and equipment;
c. regulating the marketing of threatened species of fish or other aquatic resources;
d. reviewing all existing rules and regulations on the exploitation of fisheries and aquatic resources with a view to formulating guidelines for the systematic and effective enforcement thereof; and
e. conserving the vanishing species of fish and aquatic resources such as turtles, sea snakes, crocodiles, corals, as well as maintaining the mangrove areas, marshes and inland areas, coral reef areas and islands serving as sanctuaries for fish and other aquatic life.
Chapter II
Wildlife
Section 28
Management Policy
The National Government, through the Department of Natural Resources, shall establish a system of rational exploitation and conservation of wildlife resources and shall encourage citizen participation in the maintenance and/or enhancement of their continuous productivity.
Section 29
Measures for Rational Exploitation
Measures for rational exploitation of wildlife resources may include, but shall not be limited to, the following:
a. regulating the marketing of threatened wildlife resources;
b. reviewing all existing rules and regulations on the exploitation of wildlife resources with a view of formulating guidelines for the systematic and effective enforcement thereof; and
c. conserving the threatened species of fauna, increasing their rate of production, maintaining their original habitat, habitat manipulation, determining limits, population control in relation to the carrying capacity of any given area, banning of indiscriminate and/or destructive means of catching or hunting them.
Chapter III
Forestry and Soil Conservation
Section 30
Management Policy for Forestry
The National Government, through the Department of Natural Resources shall undertake a system of rational exploitation forest resources and shall encourage citizen participation therein to keep the country’s forest resources at maximum productivity at all times.
Section 31
Measures for Rational Exploitation
of Forest Resources
Measures for the rational exploitation of forest resources may include, but shall not be limited to the following:
a. regulating the marketing of threatened forest resources;
b. reviewing all existing rules and regulations on the exploitation of forest resources with a view of formulating guidelines for the systematic and efficient enforcement thereof;
c. conserving threatened species of flora as well as increasing their rate of propagation; the banning of destructive modes of exploitation, kaingin making or shifting cultivation, indiscriminate harvesting of minor forest products, the recycling methods of waste materials; and
d. carrying out a continuing effort on reforestation; timber stand improvement; forest protection; land classification; forest occupancy management; agri-silviculture; range management; agri-silvicultural/kaingin management; multiple use forest; timber management; and forest research.
Section 32
Management Policy on Soil Conservation
The National Government, through the Department of Natural Resources and the Department Agriculture, shall likewise undertake a soil conservation program including therein the identification and protection of critical watershed areas, encouragement of scientific farming techniques, physical and biological means of soil conservation, and short-term and long-term researches and technology for effective soil conservation.
Section 33
Use of Fertilizers and Pesticides
The use of fertilizers and pesticides in agriculture shall be regulated, prescribing therefore a tolerance level in their use. Their use shall be monitored by appropriate government agencies to provide empirical data for effective regulation.
Chapter IV
Flood Control and Natural Calamities
Section 34
Measures in Flood Control Program
In addition to the pertinent provisions of existing laws, the following shall be included in a soil erosion, sediment and flood control program:
a. the control of soil erosion on the banks of rivers, the shores or lakes and the sea-shores;
b. the control of flow and flooding in and from rivers and lakes;
c. the conservation of water which, for purposes of this Section shall mean forms of water, but shall not include captive water;
d. the needs of fisheries and wildlife and all other recreational uses of natural water;
e. measures to control the damming, diversion, taking, and use of natural water, so far as any such act may affect the quality and availability of natural water for other purposes; and
f. measures to stimulate research in matters relating to natural water and soil conservation and the application of knowledge thereby acquired.
Section 35
Measures to Mitigate Destructive
Effects of Calamities
The national government, through the Philippine Atmospheric, Geophysical and Astronomical Services Administration, shall promote intensified and concerted research efforts on weather modification, typhoon, earthquake, tsunami, storm surge, and other tropical natural phenomena in order to bring about any significant effect to mitigate or prevent their destructive effects.
Chapter V
Energy Development
Section 36
Policy
Consistent with the environmental protection policies, the national government, through the Energy Development Board, shall undertake an energy development program encouraging therein the utilization of invariant sources such as solar, wind and tidal energy.
Section 37
Measures for Energy Development
Measures for energy development program may include, but shall not be limited to, the following:
a. setting up pilot plants utilizing invariant sources of energy;
b. training of technical personnel for purposes of energy development; and
c. conducting researches aimed at developing technology for energy development.
Section 38
Safety Measures on Energy Development
Rules and regulations shall be promulgated to prevent or mitigate the adverse effects of energy development on the environment. For this purpose, all nuclear powered plants and plants exploring and utilizing geothermal energy, whether owned or controlled by private or government entities shall:
a. observe internationally accepted standards of safely; and
b. provide safety devises to ensure the health and welfare of their personnel as well as the surrounding community.
Chapter VI
Conservation and Utilization
of Surface Ground Waters
Section 39
Management Policy
In addition to existing laws, the national government through the National Water Resources Council in coordination with other appropriate government agencies, shall prescribe measures for the conservation and improvement of the quality of Philippine water resources and provide for the prevention, control and abatement of water pollution.
Chapter VII
Mineral Resources
Section 40
Management Policy
The National Government, through the Department of Natural Resources, shall undertake a system of gainful exploitation and rational and efficient utilization of mineral resources and shall encourage citizen participation in this endeavor.
Section 41
Measures for Exploitation
and Utilization of Mineral Resources
Measures for the gainful exploitation and rational and efficient utilization of such mineral resources may include, but shall not be limited to, the following:
a. increasing research and development in mineral resources technology;
b. training of additional technical manpower needed in geology, geophysics, mining engineering, and related fields;
c. regulating the exploitation of identified mineral reserves;
d. accelerating the exploitation of undiscovered mineral deposits; and
e. encouraging the establishment of processing plants for refined metal.
TITLE V
WASTE MANAGEMENT
Section 42
Purposes
The purposes of this Title are:
a. to set guidelines for waste management with a view to ensuring its effectiveness;
b. to encourage, promote and stimulate technological, educational, economic and social efforts to prevent environmental damage and unnecessary loss of valuable resources of the nation through recovery, recycling and re-use of wastes and waste products; and
c. to provide measures to guide and encourage appropriate government agencies in establishing sound, efficient, comprehensive and effective waste management.
Chapter I
Enforcement and Guidelines
Section 43
Waste Management Programs
Preparation and implementation of waste management programs shall be required for all provinces, cities and municipalities. The Department of Local Government and Community Development shall promulgate guidelines for the formulation and establishment of waste management program.
Every waste management program shall include the following:
a. an orderly system of operation consistent with the needs of the area concerned;
b. a provision that the operation will not create pollution of any kind or will constitute public nuisance;
c. a system for safe and sanitary disposal of waste;
d. a provision that existing plans affecting the development, use and protection of air, water or natural resources shall be considered;
e. schedules and methods of implementing the development, construction and operation of the plan together with the estimated costs; and
f. a provision for the periodic revision of the program to ensure its effective implementation.
Section 44
Responsibility of Local Government
Each province, city or municipality shall provide measures to facilitate collection, transportation, processing and disposal of waste within its jurisdiction in coordination with other government agencies concerned. For this purpose, the national government shall provide the necessary subsidy to local governments upon request made through the National Environmental Protection Council and subject to such terms and conditions as the latter may provide.
Chapter II
Methods of Solid Waste Disposal
Section 45
Solid Waste Disposal
Solid waste disposal shall be by sanitary landfill, incineration, composting, and other methods as may be approved by competent government authority.
Section 46
Sanitary Landfills
Local governments, including private individuals, corporations or organizations may operate or propose to operate one or more sanitary landfills. An entity proposing to operate a sanitary landfill shall submit to the appropriate government agency an operational work plan showing, among other things, a map of the proposed work location, disposal areas for rubbish, garbage, refuse and other waste matter; and the equipment or machinery needed to accomplish its operations. In no case shall land-fill or work locations under this Section be located along any shore or coast-line, or along the banks of rivers and streams, lakes, throughout their entire length, in violation of any existing rules and regulations.
Section 47
Incineration and Composting Plants
The installation and establishment of incineration or composting plants, or the alteration/modification of any part thereof shall be regulated by the local governments concerned in coordination with the National Pollution Control Commission.
Section 48
Disposal Sites
The location of solid waste disposal sites shall conform with existing zoning, land use standards, and pollution control regulations.
Section 49
Dumping into the Sea and Other Navigable Waters
The dumping or disposal of solid wastes into the sea and any body of water in the Philippines, including shore-lines and river banks, where the wastes are likely to be washed into the water is prohibited. However, dumping of solid wastes or other materials into the sea or any navigable waters shall be permitted in case of immediate or imminent danger to life and property, subject to the rules and regulations of the Philippine Coast Guard and the National Pollution Control Commission.
Government agencies and private entities which are undertaking solid waste management programs shall make consultations with the government agencies concerned with respect to the effects of such dumping to the marine environment and navigation.
Chapter III
Methods of Liquid Waste Disposal
Section 50
Liquid Waste Disposal
Wastewater from manufacturing plants, industries, community, or domestic sources shall be treated either physically, biologically or chemically prior to disposal in accordance with the rules and regulations promulgated by proper government authority.
Section 51
Applicability of Section 49
The provisions of Section 49 hereof shall likewise apply to the dumping or disposal of liquid waste into the sea and other bodies of water.
TITLE VI
MISCELLANEOUS PROVISIONS
Section 52
Population Environment Balance
In the assessment of development projects, the National Environmental Protection Council, hereinafter referred to in this Title as the Council, shall take into consideration their effect on population with a view to achieving a rational and orderly balance between man and his environment.
Section 53
Environment Education
The Department of Education and Culture shall integrate subjects on environmental education in its school curricula at all levels. It shall also endeavor to conduct special community education emphasizing the relationship of man and nature as well as environmental sanitation and practices.
The Council and other government agencies implementing environmental protection laws in coordination with public information agencies of the government shall undertake public information activities for the purpose of stimulating awareness and encouraging involvement in environmental protection.
Section 54
Environmental Research
The Council shall undertake and/or promote continuing studies and research programs on environmental management and shall, from time to time, determine priority areas of environmental research.
Section 55
Monitoring and Dissemination of Environmental Information of Foreign Origin
The Council shall keep itself informed of current environmental developments by obtaining information and literature from foreign sources through the Department of Foreign Affairs, government agencies and other entities, both domestic and foreign. Such information and literature shall be given the widest dissemination possible.
Section 56
Incentive
To operate the installation and the utilization of pollution control facilities, the following incentives are hereby granted:
a. exemption to the extent of fifty (50) percent of tariff duties and compensating tax for importation of pollution control equipment, devices, spare parts and accessories for a period of five (5) years from the effectivity of this Decree subject to the conditions that will be imposed by the Council;
b. a tax credit equivalent of fifty (50) percent of the value of the compensating tax and tariff duties that would have been paid on the pollution control equipment, devices, spare parts and accessories had these items been imported shall, within a period of seven (7) years from the effectivity of this Decree, be given to the person or firm who or which purchases them from a domestic manufacturer, and another tax credit equivalent to twenty-five (25) percent thereof shall be given to said manufacturer, subject to such conditions as may be imposed by the Council; and
c. deductions equivalent to fifty (50) percent of the expenses actually incurred on research projects undertaken to develop technologies for the manufacture of pollution control equivalent which have been proven effective and commercially reproducible, from the taxable income of the person or firm actually undertaking such projects subject to the conditions that may be imposed by the Council.
The pollution control equipment, devices, spare parts and accessories acquired under this Section shall not be sold, transferred or disposed within five (5) years from the date of acquisition without the prior approval of the Council otherwise the importer or purchaser shall pay twice the amount of the tax exemption or tax credit granted.
Section 57
Financial Assistance/Grant
Financial assistance/grant for the study, design and construction of environmental protection facilities especially for waste disposal in favor of cities, municipalities, small and medium scale industries may be granted on a case-to-case basis subject to such conditions as may be imposed by the Council.
Section 58
Participation of Local Government Units
and Private Individuals
It shall be the responsibility of local government units as well as private individuals to actively participate in the environmental management and protection programs of the government.
Section 59
Preservation of Historic
and Cultural Resources and Heritage
It shall be the duty of every person to help preserve the historic and cultural resources of the country such as sites, structures, artifacts, documents, objects, memorials, and priceless trees.
Section 60
Government Offices Performing
Environmental Protection Functions
Government agencies vested by laws to exercise environmental management powers, shall continue to function as such within their respective jurisdictions. The Council may, however, in the exercise of its powers and functions under Presidential Decree No. 1121, inquire into any action or issue of environmental significance.
Section 61
Public Hearings
The Council may, whenever it deems necessary, conduct public hearings on issue of environmental significance.
Section 62
Definition of Terms
As used in this Code.
a. Ambient Air Quality means the average atmospheric purity as distinguished from discharge measurements taken at the source of pollution. It is the general amount of pollution present in a broad area.
b. Emission means the act of passing into the atmosphere an air contaminant, pollutant, gas stream and unwanted sound from a known source.
c. Water Quality means the characteristics of water which define its use in terms of physical, chemical, and biological contents; hence, the quality of water for domestic use is different from industrial use.
d. Water Quality Surveillance means a close and continuous supervision of the water quality to detect development, movement, or charges in the characteristics of the water.
e. Water Quality Standard means a plan that is established by governmental authority as a program for water pollution prevention and abatement. Such standard may include water classification and the criteria to support the uses of the water.
f. Effluent Standards means restrictions established to limit levels of concentration of physical, chemical, and biological constituents which are discharged from point sources.
g. Clean-up Operations refers to activities conducted in removing the pollutants discharged or spilled in water to restore it to pre-spill condition.
h. Accidental Spills refers to spills of oil or other hazardous substances in water that result from accidents such as collisions and groundings.
i. Areas of Critical Environmental Concern are areas where uncontrolled development could result in irreparable damage to important historic, cultural, or aesthetic values or natural systems or processes of national significance.
j. Hazardous Substances means elements or compounds which when discharged in any quantity present imminent or substantial danger to public health and welfare.
k. Areas Impacted by Public Facilities refers to areas where the introduction of public facilities may tend to induce development and urbanization of more than local significance or impact.
l. Environmental Impact is the alteration, to any degree, of environmental conditions or the creation of a new set of environmental conditions, adverse or beneficial, to be induced or caused by a proposed project.
m. Government Agencies refers to national, local and regional agencies and instrumentalities including government-owned or controlled corporations.
TITLE VII
FINAL PROVISIONS
Section 63
Separability of Provisions
If any provision of this Code, or the application of such provisions to any person or circumstances, is declared unconstitutional, the remainder of the Code or the application of such provisions to other persons or circumstances shall not be affected by such declaration.
Section 64
Effectivity
This Code shall take effect upon its approval.
Done in the City of Manila, this 6th day of June, the year of our Lord, nineteen hundred and seventy-seven.
Approved: June 6, 1977
[PHILIPPINE ENVIRONMENT CODE]
WHEREAS, the broad spectrum of environment has become a matter of vital concern to the government;
WHEREAS, the national leadership has taken a step towards this direction by creating the National Environment Protection Council under Presidential Decree No. 1121;
WHEREAS, it is necessary that the creation of the Council be complemented with the launching of a comprehensive program of environmental protection and management;
WHEREAS, such a program can assume tangible and meaningful significance only by establishing specific environment management policies and prescribing environment quality standards in a Philippine Environment Code.
NOW, THEREFORE, I, Ferdinand E. Marcos, President of the Republic of the Philippines, by virtue of the powers vested in me by the Constitution, do hereby order and decree:
Section 1
Short Title
This decree shall be known and cited as "The Philippine Environment Code."
TITLE I
AIR QUALITY MANAGEMENT
Section 2
Purposes
The purposes of this Title are:
a. to achieve and maintain such levels of air quality as to protect public health; and
b. to prevent to the greatest extent practicable, injury and/or damage to plant and animal life and property, and promote the social economic development of the country.
Chapter I
Standards
Section 3
Ambient Air Quality Standards
There shall be established ambient air quality standards which shall prescribe the maximum concentration of air pollutants permissible in the atmosphere consistent with public health, safety and general welfare.
In the establishment of ambient air quality standards, factors such as local atmospheric conditions, location and land use, and available technology, shall be considered among others.
Section 4
National Emission Standards
There shall be established national emission standards for new and existing stationary and mobile sources of pollution which shall consider among others such factors as type of industry, practicable control technology available, location and land use, and the nature of pollutants emitted.
Section 5
Community Noise Standards
Appropriate standards for community noise levels shall be established considering, among others, location, zoning and land use classification
Section 6
Standards for Noise-Producing Equipment
There shall be established a standard for noise-producing equipment such as construction equipment, transportation equipment, stationary engines, and electrical or electronic equipment and such similar equipment or contrivances. The standard shall set a limit on the acceptable level of noise emitted from a given equipment for the protection of public health and welfare, considering among others, the magnitude and condition of use, the degree of noise reduction achievable through the application of best available technology and the cost of compliance.
The installation of any noise-producing equipment shall conform with the requirements of Presidential Decree No. 1096 and other applicable laws as well as their implementing rules and regulations.
Section 7
Aircraft Emission and Sonic Booms
Appropriate government agencies shall encourage research studies on the harmful effects of aircraft emissions in the environment in order to establish permissible emission standards.
Research and studies shall also be undertaken to mitigate and/or minimize the effects of sonic booms in the environment.
Chapter II
Regulation and Enforcement
Section 8
Air Quality and Noise Standards
National Pollution Control Commission in coordination with appropriate government agencies shall be responsible for the enforcement of ambient air quality emission and noise standards, including the monitoring and surveillance of air pollutants, licensing and permitting of air pollution control facilities, and the promulgation of appropriate rules and regulations.
Existing air quality emission and noise standards may be revised and/or modified consistent with new development and technology.
Section 9
Aircraft Noise
Community noise standards around airports shall be implemented by the Civil Aeronautics Administration in coordination with the National Pollution Control Commission.
Section 10
Vehicular Emission
The Land Transportation Commission, in coordination with the National Pollution Control Commission, shall implement emission standards for vehicles and may deputize other appropriate law enforcement agencies for the purpose.
Section 11
Radioactive Emissions
The release and emission of radioactivity into the environment incident to the establishment or possession of nuclear energy facilities and radioactive materials, handling, transport, production, storage, use and disposal of radio active materials shall be regulated by the Philippine Atomic Energy Commission in coordination with other appropriated government agencies.
Chapter III
Monitoring
Section 12
Air Quality Monitoring
The National Pollution Control Commission in coordination with appropriate government agencies, shall establish to the greatest extent practicable an air quality monitoring network. Such air quality monitoring network shall put to maximum use the capabilities of these agencies.
The National Environmental Protection Council shall be furnished with the results of air quality monitoring activities.
Section 13
Weather Modification
The Philippine Atmospheric, Geophysical and Astronomical Services Administration shall monitor regularly meteorological factors affecting environmental conditions in order to effectively guide air pollution monitoring activities.
Activities relating to weather modification such as rainfall stimulation and storm seeding experiments shall be undertaken in consultation or coordination with the Philippine Atmospheric, Geophysical and Astronomical Services Administration.
TITLE II
WATER QUALITY MANAGEMENT
Section 14
Purpose
It is the purpose of this Title to prescribe management guidelines aimed to protect and improve the quality of Philippine water resources through:
a. classification of Philippine waters;
b. establishment of water quality standards;
c. protection and improvement of the quality of Philippine water resources; and
d. responsibilities for surveillance and mitigation of pollution incidents.
Chapter I
Classification Standards
Section 15
Classification of Philippine Waters
The National Pollution Control Commission, in coordination with appropriate government agencies, shall classify Philippine waters, according to their best usage. In classifying said waters, the National Pollution Control Commission shall take into account, among others, the following:
a. the existing quality of the body of water at the time of classification;
b. the size, depth, surface area covered, volume, direction, rate of flow, gradient of stream; and
c. the most beneficial uses of said bodies of water and lands bordering them for residential, agricultural, commercial, industrial, navigational, recreational, and aesthetic purposes.
Section 16
Reclassification of Waters
Based on Intended Beneficial Use
Where the public interest so requires, the National Pollution Control Commission, in coordination with appropriate government agencies, shall reclassify a body of water based on the intended beneficial use and take such steps as may be necessary to upgrade the quality of said water. Other government agencies may adopt higher standards for a particular body of water, subject to the approval of the National Pollution Control Commission.
Section 17
Upgrading of Water Quality
Where the quality of water has deteriorated to a degree where its state will adversely affect its best usage, the government agencies concerned shall take such measures as may be necessary to upgrade the quality of such water to meet the prescribed water quality standards.
Section 18
Water Quality Standards
The National Pollution Control Commission shall prescribe quality and effluent standards consistent with the guidelines set by the National Environmental Protection Council and the classification of waters prescribed in the preceding sections, taking into consideration, among others, the following:
a. the standard of water quality or purity may vary according to beneficial uses; and
b. the technology relating to water pollution control.
Chapter II
Protection and Improvement of Water Quality
Section 19
Enforcement and Coordination
The production, utilization, storage and distribution of hazardous, toxic and other substances such as radioactive materials, heavy metals, pesticides, fertilizers, and oils, and disposal, discharge and dumping of untreated wastewater, mine-tailings and other substances that may pollute any body of water of the Philippines resulting from normal operations of industries, water-borne sources, and other human activities, as well as those resulting from accidental spills and discharges shall be regulated by appropriate government agencies pursuant to their respective charters and enabling legislations. In the performance of the above functions, the government agencies concerned shall coordinate with the National Environmental Protection Council and furnish the latter with such information as may be necessary to enable it to attain its objectives under Presidential Decree No. 1121.
Section 20
Clean-up Operations
It shall be the responsibility of the polluter to contain, remove and clean-up water pollution incidents at his own expense. In case of his failure to do so, the government agencies concerned shall undertake containment, removal and clean-up operations and expenses incurred in said operations shall be charged against the persons and/or entities responsible for such pollution.
Section 21
Water Quality Monitoring and Surveillance
The various government agencies concerned with environmental protection shall establish to the greatest extent practicable a water quality surveillance and monitoring network with sufficient stations and sampling schedules to meet the needs of the country. Said water quality surveillance network shall put to maximum use the capabilities of such government agencies. Each agency involved in such network shall report to the National Environment Protection Council the results of these monitoring activities as the need arises.
TITLE III
LAND USE MANAGEMENT
Section 22
Purposes
The purposes of this Title are:
a. to provide a rational, orderly and efficient acquisition, utilization and disposition of land its resources in order to derive therefrom maximum benefits; and
b. to encourage the prudent use and conservation of land resources in order to prevent an imbalance between the nation’s needs and such resources.
Section 23
National Land Use Scheme
The Human Settlements Commission, in coordination with the appropriate agencies of the government, shall formulate and recommend to the National Environmental Protection Council a land use scheme consistent with the purpose of this Title.
The Land Use Scheme shall include, among others, the following:
a. a science-based and technology-oriented land inventory and classification system;
b. a determination of present land uses, the extent to which they are utilized, under-utilized, rendered idle or abandoned;
c. a comprehensive and accurate determination of the adaptability of the land for community development, agriculture, industry, commerce, and other fields of endeavor;
d. a method of identification of areas where uncontrolled development could result in irreparable damage to important historic, or aesthetic values, or nature systems or processes of national significance;
e. a method for exercising control by the appropriate government agencies over the use of land in area of critical environmental concern and areas impacted by public facilities including, but not limited to, airports, highways, bridges, ports and wharves, buildings and other infrastructure projects;
f. a method to ensure the consideration of regional development and land use in local regulations;
g. a policy for influencing the location of new communities and methods for assuring appropriate controls over the use of land around new communities;
h. a system of controls and regulations pertaining to areas and development activities designed to ensure that any source of pollution will not be located where it would result in a violation of any applicable environmental pollution control regulations; and
i. a recommended method for the periodic revisions and updating of the national land use scheme to meet changing conditions.
Section 24
Location of Industries
In the location of industries, factories, plants, depots and similar industrial establishments, the regulating or enforcing agencies of the government shall take into consideration the social, economic, geographic and significant environmental impact of said establishments.
TITLE IV
NATURAL RESOURCES MANAGEMENT AND CONSERVATION
Section 25
Purposes
The purpose of this Title are:
a. to provide the basics on the management and conservation of the country’s natural resources to obtain the optimum benefits therefrom and to preserve the same for the future generations; and
b. to provide general measures through which the aforesaid policy may be carried out effectively.
Chapter I
Fisheries and Aquatic Resources
Section 26
Management Policy
The National government, through the Department of Natural Resources, shall establish a system of rational exploitation of fisheries and aquatic resources within the Philippine territory and shall encourage citizen participation therein to maintain and/or enhance the optimum and continuous productivity of the same.
Section 27
Measures for Rational Exploitation
Measures for the rational exploitation of fisheries and other aquatic resources may include, but shall not be limited to, the following:
a. undertaking manpower and expertise development;
b. acquiring the necessary facilities and equipment;
c. regulating the marketing of threatened species of fish or other aquatic resources;
d. reviewing all existing rules and regulations on the exploitation of fisheries and aquatic resources with a view to formulating guidelines for the systematic and effective enforcement thereof; and
e. conserving the vanishing species of fish and aquatic resources such as turtles, sea snakes, crocodiles, corals, as well as maintaining the mangrove areas, marshes and inland areas, coral reef areas and islands serving as sanctuaries for fish and other aquatic life.
Chapter II
Wildlife
Section 28
Management Policy
The National Government, through the Department of Natural Resources, shall establish a system of rational exploitation and conservation of wildlife resources and shall encourage citizen participation in the maintenance and/or enhancement of their continuous productivity.
Section 29
Measures for Rational Exploitation
Measures for rational exploitation of wildlife resources may include, but shall not be limited to, the following:
a. regulating the marketing of threatened wildlife resources;
b. reviewing all existing rules and regulations on the exploitation of wildlife resources with a view of formulating guidelines for the systematic and effective enforcement thereof; and
c. conserving the threatened species of fauna, increasing their rate of production, maintaining their original habitat, habitat manipulation, determining limits, population control in relation to the carrying capacity of any given area, banning of indiscriminate and/or destructive means of catching or hunting them.
Chapter III
Forestry and Soil Conservation
Section 30
Management Policy for Forestry
The National Government, through the Department of Natural Resources shall undertake a system of rational exploitation forest resources and shall encourage citizen participation therein to keep the country’s forest resources at maximum productivity at all times.
Section 31
Measures for Rational Exploitation
of Forest Resources
Measures for the rational exploitation of forest resources may include, but shall not be limited to the following:
a. regulating the marketing of threatened forest resources;
b. reviewing all existing rules and regulations on the exploitation of forest resources with a view of formulating guidelines for the systematic and efficient enforcement thereof;
c. conserving threatened species of flora as well as increasing their rate of propagation; the banning of destructive modes of exploitation, kaingin making or shifting cultivation, indiscriminate harvesting of minor forest products, the recycling methods of waste materials; and
d. carrying out a continuing effort on reforestation; timber stand improvement; forest protection; land classification; forest occupancy management; agri-silviculture; range management; agri-silvicultural/kaingin management; multiple use forest; timber management; and forest research.
Section 32
Management Policy on Soil Conservation
The National Government, through the Department of Natural Resources and the Department Agriculture, shall likewise undertake a soil conservation program including therein the identification and protection of critical watershed areas, encouragement of scientific farming techniques, physical and biological means of soil conservation, and short-term and long-term researches and technology for effective soil conservation.
Section 33
Use of Fertilizers and Pesticides
The use of fertilizers and pesticides in agriculture shall be regulated, prescribing therefore a tolerance level in their use. Their use shall be monitored by appropriate government agencies to provide empirical data for effective regulation.
Chapter IV
Flood Control and Natural Calamities
Section 34
Measures in Flood Control Program
In addition to the pertinent provisions of existing laws, the following shall be included in a soil erosion, sediment and flood control program:
a. the control of soil erosion on the banks of rivers, the shores or lakes and the sea-shores;
b. the control of flow and flooding in and from rivers and lakes;
c. the conservation of water which, for purposes of this Section shall mean forms of water, but shall not include captive water;
d. the needs of fisheries and wildlife and all other recreational uses of natural water;
e. measures to control the damming, diversion, taking, and use of natural water, so far as any such act may affect the quality and availability of natural water for other purposes; and
f. measures to stimulate research in matters relating to natural water and soil conservation and the application of knowledge thereby acquired.
Section 35
Measures to Mitigate Destructive
Effects of Calamities
The national government, through the Philippine Atmospheric, Geophysical and Astronomical Services Administration, shall promote intensified and concerted research efforts on weather modification, typhoon, earthquake, tsunami, storm surge, and other tropical natural phenomena in order to bring about any significant effect to mitigate or prevent their destructive effects.
Chapter V
Energy Development
Section 36
Policy
Consistent with the environmental protection policies, the national government, through the Energy Development Board, shall undertake an energy development program encouraging therein the utilization of invariant sources such as solar, wind and tidal energy.
Section 37
Measures for Energy Development
Measures for energy development program may include, but shall not be limited to, the following:
a. setting up pilot plants utilizing invariant sources of energy;
b. training of technical personnel for purposes of energy development; and
c. conducting researches aimed at developing technology for energy development.
Section 38
Safety Measures on Energy Development
Rules and regulations shall be promulgated to prevent or mitigate the adverse effects of energy development on the environment. For this purpose, all nuclear powered plants and plants exploring and utilizing geothermal energy, whether owned or controlled by private or government entities shall:
a. observe internationally accepted standards of safely; and
b. provide safety devises to ensure the health and welfare of their personnel as well as the surrounding community.
Chapter VI
Conservation and Utilization
of Surface Ground Waters
Section 39
Management Policy
In addition to existing laws, the national government through the National Water Resources Council in coordination with other appropriate government agencies, shall prescribe measures for the conservation and improvement of the quality of Philippine water resources and provide for the prevention, control and abatement of water pollution.
Chapter VII
Mineral Resources
Section 40
Management Policy
The National Government, through the Department of Natural Resources, shall undertake a system of gainful exploitation and rational and efficient utilization of mineral resources and shall encourage citizen participation in this endeavor.
Section 41
Measures for Exploitation
and Utilization of Mineral Resources
Measures for the gainful exploitation and rational and efficient utilization of such mineral resources may include, but shall not be limited to, the following:
a. increasing research and development in mineral resources technology;
b. training of additional technical manpower needed in geology, geophysics, mining engineering, and related fields;
c. regulating the exploitation of identified mineral reserves;
d. accelerating the exploitation of undiscovered mineral deposits; and
e. encouraging the establishment of processing plants for refined metal.
TITLE V
WASTE MANAGEMENT
Section 42
Purposes
The purposes of this Title are:
a. to set guidelines for waste management with a view to ensuring its effectiveness;
b. to encourage, promote and stimulate technological, educational, economic and social efforts to prevent environmental damage and unnecessary loss of valuable resources of the nation through recovery, recycling and re-use of wastes and waste products; and
c. to provide measures to guide and encourage appropriate government agencies in establishing sound, efficient, comprehensive and effective waste management.
Chapter I
Enforcement and Guidelines
Section 43
Waste Management Programs
Preparation and implementation of waste management programs shall be required for all provinces, cities and municipalities. The Department of Local Government and Community Development shall promulgate guidelines for the formulation and establishment of waste management program.
Every waste management program shall include the following:
a. an orderly system of operation consistent with the needs of the area concerned;
b. a provision that the operation will not create pollution of any kind or will constitute public nuisance;
c. a system for safe and sanitary disposal of waste;
d. a provision that existing plans affecting the development, use and protection of air, water or natural resources shall be considered;
e. schedules and methods of implementing the development, construction and operation of the plan together with the estimated costs; and
f. a provision for the periodic revision of the program to ensure its effective implementation.
Section 44
Responsibility of Local Government
Each province, city or municipality shall provide measures to facilitate collection, transportation, processing and disposal of waste within its jurisdiction in coordination with other government agencies concerned. For this purpose, the national government shall provide the necessary subsidy to local governments upon request made through the National Environmental Protection Council and subject to such terms and conditions as the latter may provide.
Chapter II
Methods of Solid Waste Disposal
Section 45
Solid Waste Disposal
Solid waste disposal shall be by sanitary landfill, incineration, composting, and other methods as may be approved by competent government authority.
Section 46
Sanitary Landfills
Local governments, including private individuals, corporations or organizations may operate or propose to operate one or more sanitary landfills. An entity proposing to operate a sanitary landfill shall submit to the appropriate government agency an operational work plan showing, among other things, a map of the proposed work location, disposal areas for rubbish, garbage, refuse and other waste matter; and the equipment or machinery needed to accomplish its operations. In no case shall land-fill or work locations under this Section be located along any shore or coast-line, or along the banks of rivers and streams, lakes, throughout their entire length, in violation of any existing rules and regulations.
Section 47
Incineration and Composting Plants
The installation and establishment of incineration or composting plants, or the alteration/modification of any part thereof shall be regulated by the local governments concerned in coordination with the National Pollution Control Commission.
Section 48
Disposal Sites
The location of solid waste disposal sites shall conform with existing zoning, land use standards, and pollution control regulations.
Section 49
Dumping into the Sea and Other Navigable Waters
The dumping or disposal of solid wastes into the sea and any body of water in the Philippines, including shore-lines and river banks, where the wastes are likely to be washed into the water is prohibited. However, dumping of solid wastes or other materials into the sea or any navigable waters shall be permitted in case of immediate or imminent danger to life and property, subject to the rules and regulations of the Philippine Coast Guard and the National Pollution Control Commission.
Government agencies and private entities which are undertaking solid waste management programs shall make consultations with the government agencies concerned with respect to the effects of such dumping to the marine environment and navigation.
Chapter III
Methods of Liquid Waste Disposal
Section 50
Liquid Waste Disposal
Wastewater from manufacturing plants, industries, community, or domestic sources shall be treated either physically, biologically or chemically prior to disposal in accordance with the rules and regulations promulgated by proper government authority.
Section 51
Applicability of Section 49
The provisions of Section 49 hereof shall likewise apply to the dumping or disposal of liquid waste into the sea and other bodies of water.
TITLE VI
MISCELLANEOUS PROVISIONS
Section 52
Population Environment Balance
In the assessment of development projects, the National Environmental Protection Council, hereinafter referred to in this Title as the Council, shall take into consideration their effect on population with a view to achieving a rational and orderly balance between man and his environment.
Section 53
Environment Education
The Department of Education and Culture shall integrate subjects on environmental education in its school curricula at all levels. It shall also endeavor to conduct special community education emphasizing the relationship of man and nature as well as environmental sanitation and practices.
The Council and other government agencies implementing environmental protection laws in coordination with public information agencies of the government shall undertake public information activities for the purpose of stimulating awareness and encouraging involvement in environmental protection.
Section 54
Environmental Research
The Council shall undertake and/or promote continuing studies and research programs on environmental management and shall, from time to time, determine priority areas of environmental research.
Section 55
Monitoring and Dissemination of Environmental Information of Foreign Origin
The Council shall keep itself informed of current environmental developments by obtaining information and literature from foreign sources through the Department of Foreign Affairs, government agencies and other entities, both domestic and foreign. Such information and literature shall be given the widest dissemination possible.
Section 56
Incentive
To operate the installation and the utilization of pollution control facilities, the following incentives are hereby granted:
a. exemption to the extent of fifty (50) percent of tariff duties and compensating tax for importation of pollution control equipment, devices, spare parts and accessories for a period of five (5) years from the effectivity of this Decree subject to the conditions that will be imposed by the Council;
b. a tax credit equivalent of fifty (50) percent of the value of the compensating tax and tariff duties that would have been paid on the pollution control equipment, devices, spare parts and accessories had these items been imported shall, within a period of seven (7) years from the effectivity of this Decree, be given to the person or firm who or which purchases them from a domestic manufacturer, and another tax credit equivalent to twenty-five (25) percent thereof shall be given to said manufacturer, subject to such conditions as may be imposed by the Council; and
c. deductions equivalent to fifty (50) percent of the expenses actually incurred on research projects undertaken to develop technologies for the manufacture of pollution control equivalent which have been proven effective and commercially reproducible, from the taxable income of the person or firm actually undertaking such projects subject to the conditions that may be imposed by the Council.
The pollution control equipment, devices, spare parts and accessories acquired under this Section shall not be sold, transferred or disposed within five (5) years from the date of acquisition without the prior approval of the Council otherwise the importer or purchaser shall pay twice the amount of the tax exemption or tax credit granted.
Section 57
Financial Assistance/Grant
Financial assistance/grant for the study, design and construction of environmental protection facilities especially for waste disposal in favor of cities, municipalities, small and medium scale industries may be granted on a case-to-case basis subject to such conditions as may be imposed by the Council.
Section 58
Participation of Local Government Units
and Private Individuals
It shall be the responsibility of local government units as well as private individuals to actively participate in the environmental management and protection programs of the government.
Section 59
Preservation of Historic
and Cultural Resources and Heritage
It shall be the duty of every person to help preserve the historic and cultural resources of the country such as sites, structures, artifacts, documents, objects, memorials, and priceless trees.
Section 60
Government Offices Performing
Environmental Protection Functions
Government agencies vested by laws to exercise environmental management powers, shall continue to function as such within their respective jurisdictions. The Council may, however, in the exercise of its powers and functions under Presidential Decree No. 1121, inquire into any action or issue of environmental significance.
Section 61
Public Hearings
The Council may, whenever it deems necessary, conduct public hearings on issue of environmental significance.
Section 62
Definition of Terms
As used in this Code.
a. Ambient Air Quality means the average atmospheric purity as distinguished from discharge measurements taken at the source of pollution. It is the general amount of pollution present in a broad area.
b. Emission means the act of passing into the atmosphere an air contaminant, pollutant, gas stream and unwanted sound from a known source.
c. Water Quality means the characteristics of water which define its use in terms of physical, chemical, and biological contents; hence, the quality of water for domestic use is different from industrial use.
d. Water Quality Surveillance means a close and continuous supervision of the water quality to detect development, movement, or charges in the characteristics of the water.
e. Water Quality Standard means a plan that is established by governmental authority as a program for water pollution prevention and abatement. Such standard may include water classification and the criteria to support the uses of the water.
f. Effluent Standards means restrictions established to limit levels of concentration of physical, chemical, and biological constituents which are discharged from point sources.
g. Clean-up Operations refers to activities conducted in removing the pollutants discharged or spilled in water to restore it to pre-spill condition.
h. Accidental Spills refers to spills of oil or other hazardous substances in water that result from accidents such as collisions and groundings.
i. Areas of Critical Environmental Concern are areas where uncontrolled development could result in irreparable damage to important historic, cultural, or aesthetic values or natural systems or processes of national significance.
j. Hazardous Substances means elements or compounds which when discharged in any quantity present imminent or substantial danger to public health and welfare.
k. Areas Impacted by Public Facilities refers to areas where the introduction of public facilities may tend to induce development and urbanization of more than local significance or impact.
l. Environmental Impact is the alteration, to any degree, of environmental conditions or the creation of a new set of environmental conditions, adverse or beneficial, to be induced or caused by a proposed project.
m. Government Agencies refers to national, local and regional agencies and instrumentalities including government-owned or controlled corporations.
TITLE VII
FINAL PROVISIONS
Section 63
Separability of Provisions
If any provision of this Code, or the application of such provisions to any person or circumstances, is declared unconstitutional, the remainder of the Code or the application of such provisions to other persons or circumstances shall not be affected by such declaration.
Section 64
Effectivity
This Code shall take effect upon its approval.
Done in the City of Manila, this 6th day of June, the year of our Lord, nineteen hundred and seventy-seven.
Approved: June 6, 1977
PD 1151 Philippine Environmental Policy
PRESIDENTIAL DECREE NO. 1151
[PHILIPPINE ENVIRONMENTAL POLICY]
WHEREAS, the individual and, at times, conflicting demands of population growth, urbanization, industrial expansion, rapid natural resources utilization and increasing technological advances have resulted in a piece meal approach concept of environmental protection;
WHEREAS, such tunnel-vision concept is not conducive to the attainment of an ideal environmental situation where man and nature can thrive in harmony with one another; and
WHEREAS, there is now an urgent need to formulate an intensive, integrated program of environmental protection that will bring about a concerted effort towards the protection of the entire spectrum of the environment through a requirement of environmental impact assessments and statements;
NOW, THEREFORE, I, Ferdinand E. Marcos, President of the Philippines, by virtue of the powers vested in me by the Constitution, do hereby order and decree:
Section 1
Policy
It is hereby declared a continuing policy of the State:
a. to create, develop, maintain, and improve conditions under which man and nature can thrive in productive and enjoyable harmony with each other;
b. to fulfill the social, economic and other requirements of present and future generations of Filipino; and
c. to insure the attainment of an environmental quality that is conducive to a life of dignity and well-being.
Section 2
Goal
In pursuing this policy, it shall be the responsibility of the Government, in cooperation with concerned private organizations and entities, to use all practicable means, consistent with other essential considerations of national policy, in promoting the general welfare to the end that the Nation may
a. recognize, discharge and fulfill the responsibilities of each generation as trustee and guardian of the environment for succeeding generations;
b. to assure the people of a safe, decent, healthful, productive and aesthetic environment;
c. encourage the widest exploitation of the environment without degrading it, or endangering human life, health and safety or creating conditions adverse to agriculture, commerce and industry;
d. preserve important historic and cultural aspects of the Philippine heritage;
e. attain a rational and orderly balance between population and resource use; and
f. improve the utilization of renewable and non-renewable resources.
Section 3
Right to a Healthy Environment
In furtherance of these goals and policies, the Government recognizes the right of the people to a healthy environment. It shall be the duty and responsibility of each individual to contribute to the preservation and enhancement of the Philippine environment.
Section 4
Environmental Impact Statement
Pursuant to the above enunciated policies and goals, all agencies and instrumentalities of the national government, including government-owned or controlled corporations, as well as private corporations, firms and entities shall prepare, file and include in every action, project or undertaking which significantly affects the quality of the environment a detailed statement on:
a. the environmental impact of the proposed action, project or undertaking;
b. any adverse environmental effect which cannot be avoided should the proposal be implemented;
c. alternative to the proposed action;
d. a determination that the short-term uses of the resources of the environment are consistent with the maintenance and enhancement of the long-term productivity of the same; and
e. whenever a proposal involves the use of depletable or nonrenewable resources, a finding must be made that such use and commitment are warranted.
Before an environmental impact statement is issued by a lead agency, all agencies having jurisdiction over, or special expertise on, the subject matter involved shall comment on the draft environmental impact statement made by the lead agency within thirty (30) days from the receipt of the same.
Section 5
Agency Guidelines
The different agencies charged with environmental protection as enumerated in Letter of Instruction No. 422 shall sixty (60) days from the effectivity of this Decree, submit to the National Environmental Protection Council (NEPC), their respective, guidelines, rules and regulations to carry out the provisions of Section 4 hereof on environmental impact assessments and statements.
Section 6
Repealing Clause
All Acts, Presidential Decrees, executive orders, rules and regulations or parts thereof which are inconsistent with the provisions of this Decree are hereby repealed, amended or modified accordingly.
Section 7
Effectivity
This Decree shall take effect immediately.
Approved: June 6, 1977
[PHILIPPINE ENVIRONMENTAL POLICY]
WHEREAS, the individual and, at times, conflicting demands of population growth, urbanization, industrial expansion, rapid natural resources utilization and increasing technological advances have resulted in a piece meal approach concept of environmental protection;
WHEREAS, such tunnel-vision concept is not conducive to the attainment of an ideal environmental situation where man and nature can thrive in harmony with one another; and
WHEREAS, there is now an urgent need to formulate an intensive, integrated program of environmental protection that will bring about a concerted effort towards the protection of the entire spectrum of the environment through a requirement of environmental impact assessments and statements;
NOW, THEREFORE, I, Ferdinand E. Marcos, President of the Philippines, by virtue of the powers vested in me by the Constitution, do hereby order and decree:
Section 1
Policy
It is hereby declared a continuing policy of the State:
a. to create, develop, maintain, and improve conditions under which man and nature can thrive in productive and enjoyable harmony with each other;
b. to fulfill the social, economic and other requirements of present and future generations of Filipino; and
c. to insure the attainment of an environmental quality that is conducive to a life of dignity and well-being.
Section 2
Goal
In pursuing this policy, it shall be the responsibility of the Government, in cooperation with concerned private organizations and entities, to use all practicable means, consistent with other essential considerations of national policy, in promoting the general welfare to the end that the Nation may
a. recognize, discharge and fulfill the responsibilities of each generation as trustee and guardian of the environment for succeeding generations;
b. to assure the people of a safe, decent, healthful, productive and aesthetic environment;
c. encourage the widest exploitation of the environment without degrading it, or endangering human life, health and safety or creating conditions adverse to agriculture, commerce and industry;
d. preserve important historic and cultural aspects of the Philippine heritage;
e. attain a rational and orderly balance between population and resource use; and
f. improve the utilization of renewable and non-renewable resources.
Section 3
Right to a Healthy Environment
In furtherance of these goals and policies, the Government recognizes the right of the people to a healthy environment. It shall be the duty and responsibility of each individual to contribute to the preservation and enhancement of the Philippine environment.
Section 4
Environmental Impact Statement
Pursuant to the above enunciated policies and goals, all agencies and instrumentalities of the national government, including government-owned or controlled corporations, as well as private corporations, firms and entities shall prepare, file and include in every action, project or undertaking which significantly affects the quality of the environment a detailed statement on:
a. the environmental impact of the proposed action, project or undertaking;
b. any adverse environmental effect which cannot be avoided should the proposal be implemented;
c. alternative to the proposed action;
d. a determination that the short-term uses of the resources of the environment are consistent with the maintenance and enhancement of the long-term productivity of the same; and
e. whenever a proposal involves the use of depletable or nonrenewable resources, a finding must be made that such use and commitment are warranted.
Before an environmental impact statement is issued by a lead agency, all agencies having jurisdiction over, or special expertise on, the subject matter involved shall comment on the draft environmental impact statement made by the lead agency within thirty (30) days from the receipt of the same.
Section 5
Agency Guidelines
The different agencies charged with environmental protection as enumerated in Letter of Instruction No. 422 shall sixty (60) days from the effectivity of this Decree, submit to the National Environmental Protection Council (NEPC), their respective, guidelines, rules and regulations to carry out the provisions of Section 4 hereof on environmental impact assessments and statements.
Section 6
Repealing Clause
All Acts, Presidential Decrees, executive orders, rules and regulations or parts thereof which are inconsistent with the provisions of this Decree are hereby repealed, amended or modified accordingly.
Section 7
Effectivity
This Decree shall take effect immediately.
Approved: June 6, 1977
Saturday, January 2, 2010
Sample FLEA Design Problem
SUBJECT: ARCHITECTURAL DESIGN AND SITE PLANNING
DATE/ TIME: 27 November 2009 and 03 December 2009, 8:00 a.m. to 6:00 p.m.
VENUES (4) : Al-Khobar & Jeddah, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA); Doha (Qatar); Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates (UAE)
WARNING: If there are conflicts between a stated word and the number/ amount/ figure described, the stated / spelled word shall prevail. Should there be conflicts between two (2.0) stated quantities, the higher figure shall prevail.
IMPORTANT NOTE: For this reformat of the examination in this subject, the Examinee shall be allowed to make full use (open books) ONLY of Rule VII and Rule VIII of the 2004 Revised Implementing Rules and Regulations (IRR) of Presidential Decree (P.D.) No. 1096, otherwise known as the 1977 National Building Code of the Philippines (NBCP) i.e. ONLY as downloaded and reproduced from the PRBoA website at www.architectureboard.ph. The use of other IRR versions are specifically disallowed during this examination.
A. PROJECT NO. 1,2,3,4 & 5 TITLE (and General Description):
A Proposed _______-Rise _______________ Project [development with Basement, Podium (with covered parking) and Tower components] on a Project Site with a ________ Percent (0.0%) Slope
B. STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM:
A _________ has decided that its _________ (X-X, e.g. R-3, C-2, I-1)-zoned property (the “Project Site), with a Total Lot Area (TLA) of ______________square meters (0.0 SqM) and located in _____________, shall host a __________-rise __________________ Building (the “Project”).
C. PROJECT SITE FEATURES:
The Project Site is a _______ lot, with a _____ meter (0.0 m) wide frontage facing _______. The Project Site uniformly slopes at 0.0% towards the _______ (0.0) m wide street i.e. the road right-of-way (RROW) that is also relatively flat (at a slope of 0.0%) and which has ________ (0.0) m wide sidewalks at both sides. The surface of the sidewalk at the center of the Project Site frontage is considered as elevation 0.0 m.
The 0.0 m wide RROW was recently declared an arcaded street by city ordinance. The proposed building is also fully covered by a separate Green Building ordinance. To the _____ of the Project Site (as viewed from the RROW) are ____________ complexes. Across the Project Site is a long row of _____-rise ___________ buildings.
D. DESIGN OBJECTIVES:
a. To plan/ design a _______________ building with features such as _____________________;
b. To plan/ design the Project in a way that can maximize profits for the Project Proponent; the ratio of saleable versus non-saleable spaces based on GFA shall be at 0:0; and
c. To plan/ design the Project to serve as a landmark in the host area.
Sample FLEA Design Questions from Al-Khobar & Jeddah, KSA (administered 27 November 2009)
Project No. 2: A Proposed Medium-Rise Apartment Building
B. Test for Knowledge of Site Planning
(JAK, SEQUENTIAL QUESTIONS)
Note: Only the choices to the question are shown. The reader must do
research to arrive at the correct (or best) answers.
Project No. 2. Under the 2004 Revised Implementing Rules and Regulations (IRR) of P.D. No. 1096 or the 1977 National Building Code of the Philippines (NBCP), what is the minimum unpaved surface area (USA) for the Project Site (zoned as Maximum R-3)? The answer is a percentage (%) of the Total Lot Area (TLA).
Note: To arrive at the answer, the examinee must make use of table/s from the 2004 Revised IRR of P.D. No. 1096/ NBCP (open books).
a. 30
b. 20
c. 10
d. 70
Project 2. For the Project Site (zoned as Maximum R-3 under the NBCP), how much is the minimum USA (in square meters)?
Note: To arrive at the answer, the examinee must make use of table/s from the 2004 Revised IRR of P.D. No. 1096/ NBCP (open books).
a. 400
b. 700
c. 500
d. 600
Project 2. What is the maximum allowable impervious surface area (ISA) for the Project Site (zoned as Maximum R-3 under the NBCP), if the building shall NOT have a firewall? The answer is a percentage (%) of the Total Lot Area (TLA).
Note: To arrive at the answer, the examinee must make use of table/s from the 2004 Revised IRR of P.D. No. 1096/ NBCP (open books) and use a simple calculator.
a. 10
b. 20
c. 70
d. 30
Project 2. For the Project Site (zoned as Maximum R-3 under the NBCP), how much is the maximum allowable ISA (in square meters)?
Note: To arrive at the answer, the examinee must determine the total lot area (TLA) from the information given in the Project description, then make use of table/s from the 2004 Revised IRR of P.D. No. 1096/ NBCP (open books) and finally use a simple calculator.
a. 1,800
b. 2,400
c. 1,200
d. 3,000
Project 2. For the Project Site (zoned as Maximum R-3 under the NBCP), how much is the combined total for the maximum allowable ISA plus the minimum USA (in square meters)?
Note: To arrive at the answer, the examinee must determine the total lot area (TLA) from the information given in the Project description, then make use of table/s from the 2004 Revised IRR of P.D. No. 1096/ NBCP (open books) and finally use a simple calculator.
a. 2,400
b. 2,700
c. 1,800
d. 2,100
III.Sample FLEA Design Questions from
Doha, Qatar & Abu Dhabi, UAE
(administered 03 December 2009)
Note: Only the choices to the question are shown. The reader must do
research to arrive at the correct (or best) answers.
Project No. 1:
A Proposed Open Market Residential Housing Prototype
A. Test for Knowledge of General Compliances Relative to Site Planning and to the Planning and Design of Buildings_(DAD, RANDOM)
Project 1. Under the 1977 National Building Code of the Philippines (NBCP), what is covered by the Building Height Limit (BHL) for the Project?
Note: To arrive at the answer, the examinee must extract the necessary information from the 2004 Revised IRR of P.D. No. 1096/ NBCP (open books).
a. antenna
b. electrical or electronic devices mounted on top of the parapet wall, if introduced
c. deck roof level parapet wall, if introduced
d. mast
Project No. 2:
A Proposed Medium-Rise Apartment Building
C. Test for Knowledge of Space Planning_(DAD, RANDOM)
Project 2. Using the maximum Total Gross Floor Area (TGFA) and the Building Height Limit (BHL) that are allowed for the Project under the NBCP, what shall be the resultant TGFA per floor (in square meters)?
Note: To arrive at the answer, the examinee must determine the total lot area (TLA) from the information given in the Project description, then make use of table/s from the 2004 Revised IRR of P.D. No. 1096/ NBCP (open books) and finally use a simple calculator.
a. 2,666
b. 4,222
c. 5,444
d. 3,888
Project No. 3:
A Proposed Medium-Rise Office Condominium
D. Test for Knowledge of Architectural Design of Buildings (General & Specific) _(DAD, RANDOM)
Project 3. In terms of material production, which of the following flooring materials is considered to have the lowest carbon footprint?
Note: To arrive at the answer, the examinee (assumed to have worked for at least 2 years/ 3,840 hours) must read available information on the subject, do some independent research or make the necessary inquiries. The 2004 Revised IRR of P.D. No. 1096/ NBCP is not needed to answer this question.
a. baked clay tiles
b. hand-cut natural stone
c. ceramic tiles
d. high-pressure laminate flooring
Project No. 4:
A Proposed Low-Rise National Government Office Building
E. Test for Knowledge of Structural Conceptualization_(DAD, RANDOM)
Project 4. Assuming a heavily forested location for the Project Site, what type of roof structure should be introduced?
Note: To arrive at the answer, the examinee (assumed to have worked for at least 2 years/ 3,840 hours) must read available information on the subject, do some independent research or make the necessary inquiries. The 2004 Revised IRR of P.D. No. 1096/ NBCP is not needed to answer this question.
a. steel deck roof
b. steep gable roof
c. RC deck roof
d. low-slope metal roofing on space frame
Project No. 5:
Proposed Medium-Rise Garment and Undergarment Factory Building
F. Test for Knowledge of Architectural Interiors (AI)_(DAD, RANDOM)
Project No. 5. Which of the following is a good lighting device for a general production area with the ceiling consisting of the soffit of a suspended slab?
Note: To arrive at the answer, the examinee (assumed to have worked for at least 2 years/ 3,840 hours) must read available information on the subject, do some independent research or make the necessary inquiries. The 2004 Revised IRR of P.D. No. 1096/ NBCP is not needed to answer this question.
a. pendant lighting (suspended incandescent lamps)
b. industrial lighting (suspended fluorescent lamps with reflectors)
c. pendant lighting (suspended CFLs with housing)
d. troffer lighting (fluorescent lamps with soffit-mounted lightboxes and diffusers)
SOURCE: PRCBOA
To learn more, enroll in our Architecture Board Exams Review Courses. Click HERE for details.
Try other Arki Quizzes HERE
DATE/ TIME: 27 November 2009 and 03 December 2009, 8:00 a.m. to 6:00 p.m.
VENUES (4) : Al-Khobar & Jeddah, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA); Doha (Qatar); Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates (UAE)
WARNING: If there are conflicts between a stated word and the number/ amount/ figure described, the stated / spelled word shall prevail. Should there be conflicts between two (2.0) stated quantities, the higher figure shall prevail.
IMPORTANT NOTE: For this reformat of the examination in this subject, the Examinee shall be allowed to make full use (open books) ONLY of Rule VII and Rule VIII of the 2004 Revised Implementing Rules and Regulations (IRR) of Presidential Decree (P.D.) No. 1096, otherwise known as the 1977 National Building Code of the Philippines (NBCP) i.e. ONLY as downloaded and reproduced from the PRBoA website at www.architectureboard.ph. The use of other IRR versions are specifically disallowed during this examination.
A. PROJECT NO. 1,2,3,4 & 5 TITLE (and General Description):
A Proposed _______-Rise _______________ Project [development with Basement, Podium (with covered parking) and Tower components] on a Project Site with a ________ Percent (0.0%) Slope
B. STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM:
A _________ has decided that its _________ (X-X, e.g. R-3, C-2, I-1)-zoned property (the “Project Site), with a Total Lot Area (TLA) of ______________square meters (0.0 SqM) and located in _____________, shall host a __________-rise __________________ Building (the “Project”).
C. PROJECT SITE FEATURES:
The Project Site is a _______ lot, with a _____ meter (0.0 m) wide frontage facing _______. The Project Site uniformly slopes at 0.0% towards the _______ (0.0) m wide street i.e. the road right-of-way (RROW) that is also relatively flat (at a slope of 0.0%) and which has ________ (0.0) m wide sidewalks at both sides. The surface of the sidewalk at the center of the Project Site frontage is considered as elevation 0.0 m.
The 0.0 m wide RROW was recently declared an arcaded street by city ordinance. The proposed building is also fully covered by a separate Green Building ordinance. To the _____ of the Project Site (as viewed from the RROW) are ____________ complexes. Across the Project Site is a long row of _____-rise ___________ buildings.
D. DESIGN OBJECTIVES:
a. To plan/ design a _______________ building with features such as _____________________;
b. To plan/ design the Project in a way that can maximize profits for the Project Proponent; the ratio of saleable versus non-saleable spaces based on GFA shall be at 0:0; and
c. To plan/ design the Project to serve as a landmark in the host area.
Sample FLEA Design Questions from Al-Khobar & Jeddah, KSA (administered 27 November 2009)
Project No. 2: A Proposed Medium-Rise Apartment Building
B. Test for Knowledge of Site Planning
(JAK, SEQUENTIAL QUESTIONS)
Note: Only the choices to the question are shown. The reader must do
research to arrive at the correct (or best) answers.
Project No. 2. Under the 2004 Revised Implementing Rules and Regulations (IRR) of P.D. No. 1096 or the 1977 National Building Code of the Philippines (NBCP), what is the minimum unpaved surface area (USA) for the Project Site (zoned as Maximum R-3)? The answer is a percentage (%) of the Total Lot Area (TLA).
Note: To arrive at the answer, the examinee must make use of table/s from the 2004 Revised IRR of P.D. No. 1096/ NBCP (open books).
a. 30
b. 20
c. 10
d. 70
Project 2. For the Project Site (zoned as Maximum R-3 under the NBCP), how much is the minimum USA (in square meters)?
Note: To arrive at the answer, the examinee must make use of table/s from the 2004 Revised IRR of P.D. No. 1096/ NBCP (open books).
a. 400
b. 700
c. 500
d. 600
Project 2. What is the maximum allowable impervious surface area (ISA) for the Project Site (zoned as Maximum R-3 under the NBCP), if the building shall NOT have a firewall? The answer is a percentage (%) of the Total Lot Area (TLA).
Note: To arrive at the answer, the examinee must make use of table/s from the 2004 Revised IRR of P.D. No. 1096/ NBCP (open books) and use a simple calculator.
a. 10
b. 20
c. 70
d. 30
Project 2. For the Project Site (zoned as Maximum R-3 under the NBCP), how much is the maximum allowable ISA (in square meters)?
Note: To arrive at the answer, the examinee must determine the total lot area (TLA) from the information given in the Project description, then make use of table/s from the 2004 Revised IRR of P.D. No. 1096/ NBCP (open books) and finally use a simple calculator.
a. 1,800
b. 2,400
c. 1,200
d. 3,000
Project 2. For the Project Site (zoned as Maximum R-3 under the NBCP), how much is the combined total for the maximum allowable ISA plus the minimum USA (in square meters)?
Note: To arrive at the answer, the examinee must determine the total lot area (TLA) from the information given in the Project description, then make use of table/s from the 2004 Revised IRR of P.D. No. 1096/ NBCP (open books) and finally use a simple calculator.
a. 2,400
b. 2,700
c. 1,800
d. 2,100
III.Sample FLEA Design Questions from
Doha, Qatar & Abu Dhabi, UAE
(administered 03 December 2009)
Note: Only the choices to the question are shown. The reader must do
research to arrive at the correct (or best) answers.
Project No. 1:
A Proposed Open Market Residential Housing Prototype
A. Test for Knowledge of General Compliances Relative to Site Planning and to the Planning and Design of Buildings_(DAD, RANDOM)
Project 1. Under the 1977 National Building Code of the Philippines (NBCP), what is covered by the Building Height Limit (BHL) for the Project?
Note: To arrive at the answer, the examinee must extract the necessary information from the 2004 Revised IRR of P.D. No. 1096/ NBCP (open books).
a. antenna
b. electrical or electronic devices mounted on top of the parapet wall, if introduced
c. deck roof level parapet wall, if introduced
d. mast
Project No. 2:
A Proposed Medium-Rise Apartment Building
C. Test for Knowledge of Space Planning_(DAD, RANDOM)
Project 2. Using the maximum Total Gross Floor Area (TGFA) and the Building Height Limit (BHL) that are allowed for the Project under the NBCP, what shall be the resultant TGFA per floor (in square meters)?
Note: To arrive at the answer, the examinee must determine the total lot area (TLA) from the information given in the Project description, then make use of table/s from the 2004 Revised IRR of P.D. No. 1096/ NBCP (open books) and finally use a simple calculator.
a. 2,666
b. 4,222
c. 5,444
d. 3,888
Project No. 3:
A Proposed Medium-Rise Office Condominium
D. Test for Knowledge of Architectural Design of Buildings (General & Specific) _(DAD, RANDOM)
Project 3. In terms of material production, which of the following flooring materials is considered to have the lowest carbon footprint?
Note: To arrive at the answer, the examinee (assumed to have worked for at least 2 years/ 3,840 hours) must read available information on the subject, do some independent research or make the necessary inquiries. The 2004 Revised IRR of P.D. No. 1096/ NBCP is not needed to answer this question.
a. baked clay tiles
b. hand-cut natural stone
c. ceramic tiles
d. high-pressure laminate flooring
Project No. 4:
A Proposed Low-Rise National Government Office Building
E. Test for Knowledge of Structural Conceptualization_(DAD, RANDOM)
Project 4. Assuming a heavily forested location for the Project Site, what type of roof structure should be introduced?
Note: To arrive at the answer, the examinee (assumed to have worked for at least 2 years/ 3,840 hours) must read available information on the subject, do some independent research or make the necessary inquiries. The 2004 Revised IRR of P.D. No. 1096/ NBCP is not needed to answer this question.
a. steel deck roof
b. steep gable roof
c. RC deck roof
d. low-slope metal roofing on space frame
Project No. 5:
Proposed Medium-Rise Garment and Undergarment Factory Building
F. Test for Knowledge of Architectural Interiors (AI)_(DAD, RANDOM)
Project No. 5. Which of the following is a good lighting device for a general production area with the ceiling consisting of the soffit of a suspended slab?
Note: To arrive at the answer, the examinee (assumed to have worked for at least 2 years/ 3,840 hours) must read available information on the subject, do some independent research or make the necessary inquiries. The 2004 Revised IRR of P.D. No. 1096/ NBCP is not needed to answer this question.
a. pendant lighting (suspended incandescent lamps)
b. industrial lighting (suspended fluorescent lamps with reflectors)
c. pendant lighting (suspended CFLs with housing)
d. troffer lighting (fluorescent lamps with soffit-mounted lightboxes and diffusers)
SOURCE: PRCBOA
To learn more, enroll in our Architecture Board Exams Review Courses. Click HERE for details.
Try other Arki Quizzes HERE
Sunday, December 27, 2009
NOV & DEC 2009 FOREIGN LICENSURE EXAMINATION FOR ARCHITECTS
The Professional Regulation Commission (PRC) announces that 146 out of 339 (43%) passed the Foreign Licensure Examination for Architects (FLEA) given by the Professional Regulatory Board of Architecture (PRBoA) in Al-Khobar and Jeddah, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA) last 26 & 27 November 2009 and in Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates (UAE) and Doha, Qatar last 02 & 03 December 2009.
For the first time in the more than 80-year history of the Philippine licensure examinations for architects (LEAs), the major Subject of Architectural Design and Site Planning was administered as a NON-drafting examination, signaling the long overdue migration of the LEA from a largely skill-oriented format to a substantially knowledge-oriented format, also making the checking of the LEA result 100% computerized, thereby fully complying with Republic Act (R.A.) No. 9266 (The Architecture Act of 2004).
The members of the PRBoA who gave the licensure examination are Architect (Ar) Armando N. Alli, Chairman; Ar Angeline T. Chua Chiaco and Ar Marietta B. Segovia, Members.
1. Roll of Successful Examinees in the
LICENSURE EXAMINATION FOR ARCHITECT - AL-KHOBAR, K.S.A. (40 Passers)
Held on NOVEMBER 26 & 27, 2009
Released on DECEMBER 21, 2009
Seq. No. N a m e
1 CISNEROS, EDGARDO ORIOQUE
2 DELOS REYES, HERMOSO JR YAMSON
3 FLORES, VIRGILIO DURAN
4 GELLAMUCHO, BYRON AHUNIN
5 MONTELOYOLA, JOY FERNANDEZ
6 QUARIO, ROMUALDO PRUDENCIO
List of successful examinees whose REGISTRATION shall be DEFERRED pending compliance with some registration requirements:
1 ADOLFO, JONALD MENDOZA
2 AVARICIO, ROMMEL CAABAY
3 BALON, BERNARD BALANE
4 BERINGUELA, RUSSELL DE LAS ALAS
5 CADAG, ALLAN LLAMERA
6 CALIMLIM, WILFREDO MINGUILLO
7 CATIIS, JOEL NOVIO
8 DACANAY, ENRIQUE JR VICENTE
9 DE LEON, ROMMEL DE GUZMAN
10 DIOQUINO, JEFFREY FABIAN
11 DUMAGAT, WINSTON DAGPIN
12 ESTREMERA, RUBEN TURINGAN
13 HERNANDEZ, NERWIN SAN DIEGO
14 IGSIE, JOSEPH ADANZA
15 JOAQUIN, TEODORICO CASTILLO
16 LADIMO, HENRY RAZO
17 MALACURA, CESAR JR TABARANCA
18 MARIANO, ALFREDO ANDRES
19 MICU, REGINALDO LACESTE
20 MINGI, GENEROSO JR MONTELLANO
21 NACU, FERNANDO DE GUZMAN
22 NAVARRO, RICARDO LLESIS
23 OCAY, SERVEDIO JR EDAGA
24 PANGILINAN, ANGELITO MEDINA
25 PELAYO, FRANCIS EARL ROMANO MERCADO
26 PENAFIEL, RYANE RAMOS
27 PEROCELLO, PAUL GICA
28 PERRERAS, WINIFRED MARTINEZ
29 PINGOL, MANOLITO LIMUCO
30 RAMIREZ, ROWAN PEREGRINO
31 SANTIAGO, ALBERTO JR MANIULIT
32 SORIANO, ARTURO FONTANILLA
33 SORO, JOEL JASON ODION
34 VILORIA, EUNICE LOIS RANER
NOTHING FOLLOWS....................
2. Roll of Successful Examinees in the
LICENSURE EXAMINATION FOR ARCHITECTS - JEDDAH, K.S.A. (13 Passers)
Held on NOVEMBER 26 & 27, 2009
Released on DECEMBER 21, 2009
Seq. No. N a m e
1 EVANGELISTA, JEM BARAOIDAN
2 GACOSTA, RENO GIPEGA
List of successful examinees whose REGISTRATION shall be DEFERRED pending compliance with some registration requirements:
1 DEL ROSARIO, ALBERTO CALISAY
2 KASHIM, BENRAJIV JIKILULLA
3 LAGRANA, ALFREDO JR MARTINEZ
4 LOVERIA, LOLITO JR VILLALON
5 MARIN, REYMUND ROTONI
6 OPPUS, ANTONIO SOCO
7 PALMARES, MAURO ENCINARES
8 PALOMO, REYNATO MARTINEZ
9 POLINTAN, FEDERICO REYES
10 TELMO, RENE RONGO
11 TINGKAHAN, MARJUNE LADJAALAM
NOTHING FOLLOWS....................
3. Roll of Successful Examinees in the
LICENSURE EXAMINATION FOR ARCHITECTS – ABU DHABI, U.A.E. (44 Passers)
Held on DECEMBER 2 & 3, 2009
Released on DECEMBER 21, 2009
Seq. No. N a m e
1 ABUAN, MANUEL JR DACOCO
2 ALAAN, RICHELE CARIÑO
3 BAESA, YVETTE ROLDAN
4 BATAC, DIOSDADO JR GUEVARRA
5 CABAL, EXPIDITO MANATAD
6 CANICULA, FILOMENO MCNEIL ALCAUSIN
7 CASTRO, GUILLERMO LOPEZ
8 CONSIGNADO, JOCELYN CRUZ
9 CRISOSTOMO, JUAN PAOLO DE JESUS
10 DAGUMAN, GLADYS MAE PUEBLO
11 DE DIOS, CARLITO JR BALICUDCUD
12 DELLO, GERARD VICTOR ONA
13 ELE, FORTUNATO JR FIDELINO
14 ERFE, JOHN ILIE AMBROSIO CABUGAO
15 FABROS, MALAYA VALDEZ
16 FERNANDEZ, RONAISSA CRUZ
17 GARCIA, ARNOLD MENDOZA
18 GONZALES, WILLIAM GABILAN
19 HERNANDEZ, ROCHELLE SANCHEZ
20 LANA, ARNY VILLANUEVA
21 LEAL, RONALD VILLANUEVA
22 LOPEZ, GILBERT MIGUEL
23 MAURICIO, RHIO ANNE SUMALINOG
24 MIRANDA, LOUIE TORRES
25 PAGALUNAN, EDEN CATUIRA
26 PAJEL, ROSS FELIX
27 PALILEO, HARRIET CUNANAN
28 RANTE, EUGENE VIERNES
29 RIVERA, FRANK RIVERA
30 SABANDO, EDCYL PEÑARANDA
31 SOLETA, ALDWIN ANG
32 TABOADA, JOSEPHUS JR YU
33 TALAUGON, MARY GUENEVIEVE HORTADO
34 UBANAN, ELMO DOMINGO
35 VALENCIA, MARVIN GONZALES
36 VALLEJOS, RICHARD TOLENTINO
37 VENTURA, REDENTOR GELVOLIGAYA
List of successful examinees whose REGISTRATION shall be DEFERRED pending compliance with some registration requirements:
1 ABANES, CHRISTOPHER GEORGE RAMOS
2 BALUYOT, MAY FABUNAN
3 BARTOLOME, JOBEL NABO
4 DE CASTRO, MYCHAELA CORREA
5 DELOS REYES, GABBY CANLAS
6 ROMERO, LEO GARCIA
7 UMAYAM, RUBEN MEDINA
NOTHING FOLLOWS....................
4. Roll of Successful Examinees in the
LICENSURE EXAMINATION FOR ARCHITECTS - DOHA, QATAR (49 Passers)
Held on DECEMBER 2 & 3, 2009
Released on DECEMBER 21, 2009
Seq. No. N a m e
1 AFINIDAD, JOHN REY HAPAL
2 ALEGADA, MILUNA SIMPRON
3 ANTONIO, ALVIN DIWA
4 AYALA, CHRISTOPHER BELARMINO
5 AÑOS, ELMER ABING
6 BANTAYAN, NELSON OLAC
7 BARAÑAO, ROLITO FERNANDEZ
8 BASIANO, NEIL NAZARREA
9 BAÑAS, FERNANDO PASCUAL
10 BUNDA, DANIEL JOHN BUNDA
11 CANONICATO, ADONIS CORCINO
12 CELARIO, JACQUILOU GARCIA
13 CENCIA, ERIBERTO JR PELICANO
14 GONZALES, JOHN PATRICK ZARA
15 HERMOSA, MARY GRACE PEÑAFLORIDA
16 JORQUIA, JOEMAR EMILANAN
17 LOLO, JEFREY JUANITE
18 LOSARIA, LEONARDO JR LARROZA
19 MALONZO, VIRGILIO DELOS SANTOS
20 MANABAT, RICHARD SIBONGA
21 MANGALUS, EDWIND RIVERA
22 MILANO, JEOFFREY RAMOS
23 PEN, MITCHEL MOGATO
24 PEREZ, ROMMEL DE ASIS
25 POMERA, JAIME LOU EVANOSO
26 QUEANO, ARDEL CUARTO
27 RAMOS, RYAN GARCIA
28 RIVERA, RONNIE BORJA
29 SACLIN, RONIE ESPEDIDO
30 SALAZAR, JUNNIFER GAYAS
31 SARAYNO, ARIEL SALAS
32 TELEN, GIOVANNI CAPARIÑO
33 TING, REYNALDO LAURENTE
34 VANTA, JONATHAN MESINA
35 VARGAS, ROMAN LERON
36 VISITACION, JULIUS DUCLAYAN
List of successful examinees whose REGISTRATION shall be DEFERRED pending compliance with some registration requirements:
1 ABELLANOSA, FRANCIS EARL GETUABAN
2 ARNESTO, CAMILO FORTUNO
3 BALATBAT, KENNETH MARTINEZ
4 CALANTUAN, RAMON CHANJUECO
5 CALOPE, REYNALDO CAÑETE
6 CASAREO, ALFRED PAUL SORIANO
7 GARCIA, MICHAEL NIÑO GONZALES
8 GARCIA, MONA LIZZA ARIENZA
9 GEOLINA, EDWIN ECONAR
10 LIMCUMPAO, DAVE GATDULA
11 MACARANAS, MARIO HERMAN MORILLO
12 MONTERO, RONALD GETUBIG
13 RODRIGUEZ, JUNJE DIAZ
NOTHING FOLLOWS....................
SOURCE: PRCBOA
For the first time in the more than 80-year history of the Philippine licensure examinations for architects (LEAs), the major Subject of Architectural Design and Site Planning was administered as a NON-drafting examination, signaling the long overdue migration of the LEA from a largely skill-oriented format to a substantially knowledge-oriented format, also making the checking of the LEA result 100% computerized, thereby fully complying with Republic Act (R.A.) No. 9266 (The Architecture Act of 2004).
The members of the PRBoA who gave the licensure examination are Architect (Ar) Armando N. Alli, Chairman; Ar Angeline T. Chua Chiaco and Ar Marietta B. Segovia, Members.
1. Roll of Successful Examinees in the
LICENSURE EXAMINATION FOR ARCHITECT - AL-KHOBAR, K.S.A. (40 Passers)
Held on NOVEMBER 26 & 27, 2009
Released on DECEMBER 21, 2009
Seq. No. N a m e
1 CISNEROS, EDGARDO ORIOQUE
2 DELOS REYES, HERMOSO JR YAMSON
3 FLORES, VIRGILIO DURAN
4 GELLAMUCHO, BYRON AHUNIN
5 MONTELOYOLA, JOY FERNANDEZ
6 QUARIO, ROMUALDO PRUDENCIO
List of successful examinees whose REGISTRATION shall be DEFERRED pending compliance with some registration requirements:
1 ADOLFO, JONALD MENDOZA
2 AVARICIO, ROMMEL CAABAY
3 BALON, BERNARD BALANE
4 BERINGUELA, RUSSELL DE LAS ALAS
5 CADAG, ALLAN LLAMERA
6 CALIMLIM, WILFREDO MINGUILLO
7 CATIIS, JOEL NOVIO
8 DACANAY, ENRIQUE JR VICENTE
9 DE LEON, ROMMEL DE GUZMAN
10 DIOQUINO, JEFFREY FABIAN
11 DUMAGAT, WINSTON DAGPIN
12 ESTREMERA, RUBEN TURINGAN
13 HERNANDEZ, NERWIN SAN DIEGO
14 IGSIE, JOSEPH ADANZA
15 JOAQUIN, TEODORICO CASTILLO
16 LADIMO, HENRY RAZO
17 MALACURA, CESAR JR TABARANCA
18 MARIANO, ALFREDO ANDRES
19 MICU, REGINALDO LACESTE
20 MINGI, GENEROSO JR MONTELLANO
21 NACU, FERNANDO DE GUZMAN
22 NAVARRO, RICARDO LLESIS
23 OCAY, SERVEDIO JR EDAGA
24 PANGILINAN, ANGELITO MEDINA
25 PELAYO, FRANCIS EARL ROMANO MERCADO
26 PENAFIEL, RYANE RAMOS
27 PEROCELLO, PAUL GICA
28 PERRERAS, WINIFRED MARTINEZ
29 PINGOL, MANOLITO LIMUCO
30 RAMIREZ, ROWAN PEREGRINO
31 SANTIAGO, ALBERTO JR MANIULIT
32 SORIANO, ARTURO FONTANILLA
33 SORO, JOEL JASON ODION
34 VILORIA, EUNICE LOIS RANER
NOTHING FOLLOWS....................
2. Roll of Successful Examinees in the
LICENSURE EXAMINATION FOR ARCHITECTS - JEDDAH, K.S.A. (13 Passers)
Held on NOVEMBER 26 & 27, 2009
Released on DECEMBER 21, 2009
Seq. No. N a m e
1 EVANGELISTA, JEM BARAOIDAN
2 GACOSTA, RENO GIPEGA
List of successful examinees whose REGISTRATION shall be DEFERRED pending compliance with some registration requirements:
1 DEL ROSARIO, ALBERTO CALISAY
2 KASHIM, BENRAJIV JIKILULLA
3 LAGRANA, ALFREDO JR MARTINEZ
4 LOVERIA, LOLITO JR VILLALON
5 MARIN, REYMUND ROTONI
6 OPPUS, ANTONIO SOCO
7 PALMARES, MAURO ENCINARES
8 PALOMO, REYNATO MARTINEZ
9 POLINTAN, FEDERICO REYES
10 TELMO, RENE RONGO
11 TINGKAHAN, MARJUNE LADJAALAM
NOTHING FOLLOWS....................
3. Roll of Successful Examinees in the
LICENSURE EXAMINATION FOR ARCHITECTS – ABU DHABI, U.A.E. (44 Passers)
Held on DECEMBER 2 & 3, 2009
Released on DECEMBER 21, 2009
Seq. No. N a m e
1 ABUAN, MANUEL JR DACOCO
2 ALAAN, RICHELE CARIÑO
3 BAESA, YVETTE ROLDAN
4 BATAC, DIOSDADO JR GUEVARRA
5 CABAL, EXPIDITO MANATAD
6 CANICULA, FILOMENO MCNEIL ALCAUSIN
7 CASTRO, GUILLERMO LOPEZ
8 CONSIGNADO, JOCELYN CRUZ
9 CRISOSTOMO, JUAN PAOLO DE JESUS
10 DAGUMAN, GLADYS MAE PUEBLO
11 DE DIOS, CARLITO JR BALICUDCUD
12 DELLO, GERARD VICTOR ONA
13 ELE, FORTUNATO JR FIDELINO
14 ERFE, JOHN ILIE AMBROSIO CABUGAO
15 FABROS, MALAYA VALDEZ
16 FERNANDEZ, RONAISSA CRUZ
17 GARCIA, ARNOLD MENDOZA
18 GONZALES, WILLIAM GABILAN
19 HERNANDEZ, ROCHELLE SANCHEZ
20 LANA, ARNY VILLANUEVA
21 LEAL, RONALD VILLANUEVA
22 LOPEZ, GILBERT MIGUEL
23 MAURICIO, RHIO ANNE SUMALINOG
24 MIRANDA, LOUIE TORRES
25 PAGALUNAN, EDEN CATUIRA
26 PAJEL, ROSS FELIX
27 PALILEO, HARRIET CUNANAN
28 RANTE, EUGENE VIERNES
29 RIVERA, FRANK RIVERA
30 SABANDO, EDCYL PEÑARANDA
31 SOLETA, ALDWIN ANG
32 TABOADA, JOSEPHUS JR YU
33 TALAUGON, MARY GUENEVIEVE HORTADO
34 UBANAN, ELMO DOMINGO
35 VALENCIA, MARVIN GONZALES
36 VALLEJOS, RICHARD TOLENTINO
37 VENTURA, REDENTOR GELVOLIGAYA
List of successful examinees whose REGISTRATION shall be DEFERRED pending compliance with some registration requirements:
1 ABANES, CHRISTOPHER GEORGE RAMOS
2 BALUYOT, MAY FABUNAN
3 BARTOLOME, JOBEL NABO
4 DE CASTRO, MYCHAELA CORREA
5 DELOS REYES, GABBY CANLAS
6 ROMERO, LEO GARCIA
7 UMAYAM, RUBEN MEDINA
NOTHING FOLLOWS....................
4. Roll of Successful Examinees in the
LICENSURE EXAMINATION FOR ARCHITECTS - DOHA, QATAR (49 Passers)
Held on DECEMBER 2 & 3, 2009
Released on DECEMBER 21, 2009
Seq. No. N a m e
1 AFINIDAD, JOHN REY HAPAL
2 ALEGADA, MILUNA SIMPRON
3 ANTONIO, ALVIN DIWA
4 AYALA, CHRISTOPHER BELARMINO
5 AÑOS, ELMER ABING
6 BANTAYAN, NELSON OLAC
7 BARAÑAO, ROLITO FERNANDEZ
8 BASIANO, NEIL NAZARREA
9 BAÑAS, FERNANDO PASCUAL
10 BUNDA, DANIEL JOHN BUNDA
11 CANONICATO, ADONIS CORCINO
12 CELARIO, JACQUILOU GARCIA
13 CENCIA, ERIBERTO JR PELICANO
14 GONZALES, JOHN PATRICK ZARA
15 HERMOSA, MARY GRACE PEÑAFLORIDA
16 JORQUIA, JOEMAR EMILANAN
17 LOLO, JEFREY JUANITE
18 LOSARIA, LEONARDO JR LARROZA
19 MALONZO, VIRGILIO DELOS SANTOS
20 MANABAT, RICHARD SIBONGA
21 MANGALUS, EDWIND RIVERA
22 MILANO, JEOFFREY RAMOS
23 PEN, MITCHEL MOGATO
24 PEREZ, ROMMEL DE ASIS
25 POMERA, JAIME LOU EVANOSO
26 QUEANO, ARDEL CUARTO
27 RAMOS, RYAN GARCIA
28 RIVERA, RONNIE BORJA
29 SACLIN, RONIE ESPEDIDO
30 SALAZAR, JUNNIFER GAYAS
31 SARAYNO, ARIEL SALAS
32 TELEN, GIOVANNI CAPARIÑO
33 TING, REYNALDO LAURENTE
34 VANTA, JONATHAN MESINA
35 VARGAS, ROMAN LERON
36 VISITACION, JULIUS DUCLAYAN
List of successful examinees whose REGISTRATION shall be DEFERRED pending compliance with some registration requirements:
1 ABELLANOSA, FRANCIS EARL GETUABAN
2 ARNESTO, CAMILO FORTUNO
3 BALATBAT, KENNETH MARTINEZ
4 CALANTUAN, RAMON CHANJUECO
5 CALOPE, REYNALDO CAÑETE
6 CASAREO, ALFRED PAUL SORIANO
7 GARCIA, MICHAEL NIÑO GONZALES
8 GARCIA, MONA LIZZA ARIENZA
9 GEOLINA, EDWIN ECONAR
10 LIMCUMPAO, DAVE GATDULA
11 MACARANAS, MARIO HERMAN MORILLO
12 MONTERO, RONALD GETUBIG
13 RODRIGUEZ, JUNJE DIAZ
NOTHING FOLLOWS....................
SOURCE: PRCBOA
Thursday, December 17, 2009
Why Architecture Matters by Paul Goldberger
Why Architecture Matters is not a work of architectural history or a guide to the styles or an architectural dictionary, though it contains elements of all three. The purpose of Why Architecture Matters is to “come to grips with how things feel to us when we stand before them, with how architecture affects us emotionally as well as intellectually”—with its impact on our lives. “Architecture begins to matter,” writes Paul Goldberger, “when it brings delight and sadness and perplexity and awe along with a roof over our heads.” He shows us how that works in examples ranging from a small Cape Cod cottage to the “vast, flowing” Prairie houses of Frank Lloyd Wright, from the Lincoln Memorial to the highly sculptural Guggenheim Bilbao and the Church of Sant’Ivo in Rome, where “simple geometries . . . create a work of architecture that embraces the deepest complexities of human imagination.”
Based on decades of looking at buildings and thinking about how we experience them, the distinguished critic raises our awareness of fundamental things like proportion, scale, space, texture, materials, shapes, light, and memory. Upon completing this remarkable architectural journey, readers will enjoy a wonderfully rewarding new way of seeing and experiencing every aspect of the built world.
"Why Architecture Matters reminds us that in a democratic capitalist society, the only sure guarantee that we will get good architecture is if we shake off our ignorance and start to take a personal interest in the design of our neighborhoods. Here is a succinct, lyrical and heartfelt book that celebrates the best works of architecture and points the way to being able to build more of it in the world today. There are so many guides to the world of art, so few to the world of architecture. This is among the very best."--Alain de Botton, author of The Architecture of Happiness (Alain de Botton )
"A beautifully written and generous meditation on the art of building that every aspiring architect should read."-- Witold Rybczynski, author of The Perfect House (Witold Rybczynski )
Based on decades of looking at buildings and thinking about how we experience them, the distinguished critic raises our awareness of fundamental things like proportion, scale, space, texture, materials, shapes, light, and memory. Upon completing this remarkable architectural journey, readers will enjoy a wonderfully rewarding new way of seeing and experiencing every aspect of the built world.
"Why Architecture Matters reminds us that in a democratic capitalist society, the only sure guarantee that we will get good architecture is if we shake off our ignorance and start to take a personal interest in the design of our neighborhoods. Here is a succinct, lyrical and heartfelt book that celebrates the best works of architecture and points the way to being able to build more of it in the world today. There are so many guides to the world of art, so few to the world of architecture. This is among the very best."--Alain de Botton, author of The Architecture of Happiness (Alain de Botton )
"A beautifully written and generous meditation on the art of building that every aspiring architect should read."-- Witold Rybczynski, author of The Perfect House (Witold Rybczynski )
Wednesday, December 16, 2009
Reformat of the LEA Archl Design Subject
In October 2009, the PRC approved the PRBoA Resolution to REFORMAT the Architectural Design and Site Planning Subject (the "Subject"), which comprise forty percent (40%) of the licensure examination for architects (LEA).
Once officially confirmed by the PRC for administration in the January 2010 Manila LEA, the Subject will then be a NON-DRAFTING ("KNOWLEDGE-based") examination and will also be of the multiple short situational problem, multiple choice format (with sketching and calculations required but not graded). The Subject mode being superseded is a single long situational problem format requiring a manually drafted solution (considered a "SKILL-based" examination).
Once confirmed for the January 2010 Manila LEA, the future examinees shall be allowed to bring copies ONLY OF Rules VII and VII of the 2004 Revised Implementing Rules and Regulations (IRR) of P.D. No. 1096, otherwise known as the 1977 National Building Code of the Philippines/ NBCP to DAY 2 of the Manila LEA.
The said PD 1096 Rules could be readily downloaded for free at the Latest Publications section of the PRBOA website i.e. posted at the following dates:
a) 2009-12-13 Rule VII of 2004 IRR of PD1096/ 1977 NBCP
(or 2008-06-07 Natl Bldg Code IRR Rule VII);
b) 2009-12-13 Rule VIII of 2004 IRR of PD1096/ 1977 NBCP
(or 2008-06-07 Natl Bldg Code IRR Rule VIII) and
c) 2009-12-13 Correct Tables of Rule VII Guidelines.
Once confirmed, the Examinees may NOT bring NOR use copies of the Atty. Vicente Foz version of the National Building Code sold at the National Bookstore due to apparently material deficiencies in the text of some sections of the said publication.
SOURCE: PRCBOA WEBSITE
SO NOW IT SEEMS LIKELY THAT THE EXAM IS NON-DRAFTING. WE WILL JUST BE WAITING FOR THE OFFICIAL APPROVAL OF PRC OF THE BOA RECOMMENDATION/RESOLUTION, BUT IT IS ALREADY ALMOST SURE. GOOD LUCK TO EVERYONE!
Once officially confirmed by the PRC for administration in the January 2010 Manila LEA, the Subject will then be a NON-DRAFTING ("KNOWLEDGE-based") examination and will also be of the multiple short situational problem, multiple choice format (with sketching and calculations required but not graded). The Subject mode being superseded is a single long situational problem format requiring a manually drafted solution (considered a "SKILL-based" examination).
Once confirmed for the January 2010 Manila LEA, the future examinees shall be allowed to bring copies ONLY OF Rules VII and VII of the 2004 Revised Implementing Rules and Regulations (IRR) of P.D. No. 1096, otherwise known as the 1977 National Building Code of the Philippines/ NBCP to DAY 2 of the Manila LEA.
The said PD 1096 Rules could be readily downloaded for free at the Latest Publications section of the PRBOA website i.e. posted at the following dates:
a) 2009-12-13 Rule VII of 2004 IRR of PD1096/ 1977 NBCP
(or 2008-06-07 Natl Bldg Code IRR Rule VII);
b) 2009-12-13 Rule VIII of 2004 IRR of PD1096/ 1977 NBCP
(or 2008-06-07 Natl Bldg Code IRR Rule VIII) and
c) 2009-12-13 Correct Tables of Rule VII Guidelines.
Once confirmed, the Examinees may NOT bring NOR use copies of the Atty. Vicente Foz version of the National Building Code sold at the National Bookstore due to apparently material deficiencies in the text of some sections of the said publication.
SOURCE: PRCBOA WEBSITE
SO NOW IT SEEMS LIKELY THAT THE EXAM IS NON-DRAFTING. WE WILL JUST BE WAITING FOR THE OFFICIAL APPROVAL OF PRC OF THE BOA RECOMMENDATION/RESOLUTION, BUT IT IS ALREADY ALMOST SURE. GOOD LUCK TO EVERYONE!
Friday, December 11, 2009
Architecture Board Exam in Middle East
Many are asking takers in the Middle East regarding the design reformat which was already implemented there. Here are some pointers given by them in the ShoutMix. Many will really appreciate if they could give an idea of the questions asked in the exam.
from middle east:
colors+lighting
Columnatiojn adn intercolumniation! + temples
understand the TABLE on Section 7 and 8...the calculation of GFA,TGFA,FLAR,PSO,ISA,USA, Prohibited..at iba pa! signage...arceded and non arcaded!
"orientation din is the most impotant thing u shoul be familliarized with....the the orientation of the RROW."
"lahat nang sagot ay maaring tama! try to understand the behavior of SUN+WIND"
huwag magmadali sa pagsagot! masyadong tricky ang questions! sa una kala mo tam ka na pero kapag inulit mo tanong iba na ang hinahanap! be wise!
May Industrial, Residential, Commercial, Institutional at Site Planning subdivion projects ang cover ng design exams, lahat ng yan dapat alam mo.
At dapat marunong kang gumamit ng NBC rule7 & 8 kasi halos lahat ng tanung may depend sa laws. Kaya dapat marunong ka gumamit ng NBC.
"Kailangan mo pa din magdrawing sa A4 papaer para alam mo lahat ng itatanung nila"
Halimbawa....ilanpo ang terrazzo tiles na gagamitin sa sala.Dapat alam mo ang size palang ng terrazzo.
"Design Problem?Bibigyan kayo ng Project at sa situation na yun...doon nila tatanungin lahat ng details,setbacks...areas at approach mo sa design."
Actual Construction experience is a great weapon for the new format exam...Pang Architektu talaga at alam ang Bldg.Laws
"i-double check niyo yung mga sagot,and it's not impossible na pwede niyong ma-perfect yung exam basta may presence of mind and keep your faith to God."
"inalize niyo muna yung tanong and choose the best answer. then sa questionnaire muna kayo sumagot before transferring ur answer to aswer sheet,"
"construction book,and of course trust your experience and be familiarize sa law compliance alam ko kaya niyong sagutin lahat basta unawain niyo at"
sa mga magtetake ng exam i will advice you that don't memorize anything, kelangan lang ng extensive reading even magazines or other related
"read alot of docs with regards to ALE..all topic specially in history...."
structural..more on reading the plan..ilang rebars..ties.location of beam with respect ot column location..etch...etch
sa constrcution! sample umaulan? ano gagawin mo sa newly formed concrete?
"mga 25% ng exam makukuha sa rule 7 and 8, the rest ay sa actual practice"
"for example sa design, ano ang adjacent sa scrub-up room sa hospital?"
"ung exam ay 5 groups, 1) low to medium rise residential, 2) high rise residential 3) commercial, 4) institutional 5) special"
"me drafting part sa planning ung iplot mo ang lot based on given lot description at dun nakabase ang mga questions sa drawing na gagawin mo"
"spceially on min and maimum developmet potential ng isang lote..whre in most of us architect dont know..lalo na kung compliance sa LAW"
IF YOU HAVE SOMETHING TO SHARE, PLS. POST IT HERE IN THE COMMENTS BOX. MANY WILL REALLY APPRECIATE YOUR HELP.
from middle east:
colors+lighting
Columnatiojn adn intercolumniation! + temples
understand the TABLE on Section 7 and 8...the calculation of GFA,TGFA,FLAR,PSO,ISA,USA, Prohibited..at iba pa! signage...arceded and non arcaded!
"orientation din is the most impotant thing u shoul be familliarized with....the the orientation of the RROW."
"lahat nang sagot ay maaring tama! try to understand the behavior of SUN+WIND"
huwag magmadali sa pagsagot! masyadong tricky ang questions! sa una kala mo tam ka na pero kapag inulit mo tanong iba na ang hinahanap! be wise!
May Industrial, Residential, Commercial, Institutional at Site Planning subdivion projects ang cover ng design exams, lahat ng yan dapat alam mo.
At dapat marunong kang gumamit ng NBC rule7 & 8 kasi halos lahat ng tanung may depend sa laws. Kaya dapat marunong ka gumamit ng NBC.
"Kailangan mo pa din magdrawing sa A4 papaer para alam mo lahat ng itatanung nila"
Halimbawa....ilanpo ang terrazzo tiles na gagamitin sa sala.Dapat alam mo ang size palang ng terrazzo.
"Design Problem?Bibigyan kayo ng Project at sa situation na yun...doon nila tatanungin lahat ng details,setbacks...areas at approach mo sa design."
Actual Construction experience is a great weapon for the new format exam...Pang Architektu talaga at alam ang Bldg.Laws
"i-double check niyo yung mga sagot,and it's not impossible na pwede niyong ma-perfect yung exam basta may presence of mind and keep your faith to God."
"inalize niyo muna yung tanong and choose the best answer. then sa questionnaire muna kayo sumagot before transferring ur answer to aswer sheet,"
"construction book,and of course trust your experience and be familiarize sa law compliance alam ko kaya niyong sagutin lahat basta unawain niyo at"
sa mga magtetake ng exam i will advice you that don't memorize anything, kelangan lang ng extensive reading even magazines or other related
"read alot of docs with regards to ALE..all topic specially in history...."
structural..more on reading the plan..ilang rebars..ties.location of beam with respect ot column location..etch...etch
sa constrcution! sample umaulan? ano gagawin mo sa newly formed concrete?
"mga 25% ng exam makukuha sa rule 7 and 8, the rest ay sa actual practice"
"for example sa design, ano ang adjacent sa scrub-up room sa hospital?"
"ung exam ay 5 groups, 1) low to medium rise residential, 2) high rise residential 3) commercial, 4) institutional 5) special"
"me drafting part sa planning ung iplot mo ang lot based on given lot description at dun nakabase ang mga questions sa drawing na gagawin mo"
"spceially on min and maimum developmet potential ng isang lote..whre in most of us architect dont know..lalo na kung compliance sa LAW"
IF YOU HAVE SOMETHING TO SHARE, PLS. POST IT HERE IN THE COMMENTS BOX. MANY WILL REALLY APPRECIATE YOUR HELP.
Saturday, November 28, 2009
Pointers and Sample Questions
I have decided to make a post where instead of putting it in the shoutbox some people could share some information on the board exams. So here it is, hoping others could view them in the future. So if you have something to share, please post it here in the comments box.
Tuesday, November 3, 2009
FuturArc Prize 2010: Sustainable Homes in Asia
This year, Asia's leading Green design competition, FuturArc Prize 2010, invites architectural professionals and students to share their vision of a Home for Ecological Living in Asia. The competition, organized by FuturArc Journal, is supported by the World Green Building Council and various architectural and Green building institutions in Asia and Australia, including Ikatan Arsitek Indonesia (IAI) and Green Building Council Indonesia (GBCI).
COMPETITION BRIEF: sustainableHOME@Asia a PROTOYPE for ecological living
A home is more than a house; it is a concept deeply rooted in our collective psyche encompassing physical and emotional well-being: shelter from elements, connectivity with family, community and nature, and—in a rapidly changing world—a sanctuary of sorts, recourse from uncertainty.
How we should be designing homes in Asia is far from understood. The real estate market seem to allow, with impunity, the right to transplant concepts of mass housing and lifestyle statements from one part of the world to another, leaving us socially alienated with expanding ecological footprints. We need a new mindset to craft the new Home, one that addresses old challenges and new, embraces modernity and traditions, and offers us ways of coping with change.
The FuturArc Prize 2010 seeks to find new paradigms for designing the Home, as varied as the communities, climates and cultures in which they are situated.
The competition calls for a prototype for single or multiple family units amounting to no more than 10,000 square metres in total built-up area. Site selection is at the entrant's discretion and should be explained clearly in the submission. Only sites in Australia and Asia will be considered. Registration for the competition is free. All entrants are required to register online via the FuturArc Prize 2010 competition website at www.futurarc.com/prize. More information on the registration and submission requirements can also be found at the competition website.
TIMELINE & PRIZES
The competition is open from now till 15 December 2009. Entries must be submitted online at www.futurarc.com/prize. Winners will be notified on 31 March 2010. Awards and cash prizes (totalling up to SGD30,000) will be awarded in subsequent prize giving ceremonies.
Winning entries will be determined by an international jury of Green building experts. Dr Nirmal Kishnani the jury's chair said, "The FuturArc Prize, now into its third year, has become a veritable snapshot of the region, from Hong Kong to Sydney. Last year's entries raised the question of what sustainability means to different communities: urban and rural, modern and traditional, rich and poor. This year we expect more local perspectives and solutions to what is essentially a global problem. With each successive round, the bar has been raised higher; the jury has high expectations for 2010."
THE JURY
Nirmal Kishnani, PhD, is Chief Editor of the FuturArc Journal. He is both an educator and practitioner in the area of Green buildings, presently teaching at the Department of Architecture of the National University of Singapore. He has lectured and written widely on the subject of Greening in Asia and has been a consultant to projects across the region, most recently as head of a sustainability unit operating from Singapore. Dr Kishnani is Jury Chair of FuturArc Prize 2010.
Ray Cole, PhD, is the Director of the School of Architecture and Landscape Architecture at the University of British Columbia and Academic Director of the School's Design Center for Sustainability. Dr Cole was selected as a North American Association of Collegiate Schools of Architecture Distinguished Professor for "sustained commitment to building environmental research and teaching" in 2001. In 2003 he received the Architectural Institute of British Columbia Barbara Dalrymple Memorial Award for Community Service and the US Green Building Council's Green Public Service Leadership Award.
Peter Head, OBE FREng FRSA, is a Director in Arup (UK) where he heads a global team for planning and integrated urbanism. He is project director for the planning and development of the Dongtan Eco-city demonstrator on Chongming Island in Shanghai, and the Wanzhuang Eco-City in LangFang near Beijing. He was featured in the October 2008 issue of Time magazine, nominated as one of 30 global eco-heroes. In that same year, he was awarded the Sir Frank Whittle Medal by the Royal Academy of Engineering for his efforts to deliver an environmentally sustainable built environment. Peter is also strategic adviser to the Chair of the C40 Large Cities and Climate Leadership Group and the Clinton Carbon Positive Programme.
Kazuo Iwamura, M.E. is a Professor in the Faculty of Environment and Information studies at the Musashi Institute of Technology in Yokohama Japan and CEO of IWAMURA Atelier Co., Ltd. He is also Chair of ARCASIA's Committee for Green & Sustainable Architecture, UIA Councilor of Region IV (Asia + Oceania), Director of the UIA Work Programme Architecture for a Sustainable Future and a member of the board of the World Green Building Council.
Chrisna du Plessis, PhD, is a Principal Researcher at the Built Environment unit of the Council for Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR) in South Africa. With a background in architecture she is currently concentrating on urban sustainability science at both a theoretical and technological level. She was an ad hoc spokesperson on sustainability issues for the International Council for Research and Innovation for Building and Construction (CIB), and prepared the CIB/UNEP Agenda 21 for Sustainable Construction in Developing Countries. She is a member of CIB Working Group 116 on Smart and Sustainable Built Environments and the International Initiative for Sustainable Built Environments (iiSBE).
About the Competition
The FuturArc Prize was launched in 2007 by the BCI Group of Companies through its publication arm, FuturArc Journal, to seek out innovative Green building designs for sites in Australasia. The Competition has two objectives: first, to create a platform for talented individuals—professi onals and students—who are keen on environmental issues; second, to encourage the construction industry as a whole to move towards sustainable design.
About the Promoter
FuturArc Journal is the Competition Organiser. Published quarterly, the Journal is the region's leading voice in sustainable architecture and design as it recognises the impact of buildings on society and the environment. FuturArc promotes architecture that demonstrates creativity and social and environmental responsibility. For more information on the magazine, visit www.futurarc.com.
The Competition Registrar is BCI Asia Construction Information Pte Ltd, a subsidiary of the BCI Group of Companies.
FuturArc Prize Competition Registrar
371 Beach Road, #02-25 KeypointSingapore 199597t +65 6538 6836f +65 6538 6896e competitionregistra r@futurarc. com
COMPETITION BRIEF: sustainableHOME@Asia a PROTOYPE for ecological living
A home is more than a house; it is a concept deeply rooted in our collective psyche encompassing physical and emotional well-being: shelter from elements, connectivity with family, community and nature, and—in a rapidly changing world—a sanctuary of sorts, recourse from uncertainty.
How we should be designing homes in Asia is far from understood. The real estate market seem to allow, with impunity, the right to transplant concepts of mass housing and lifestyle statements from one part of the world to another, leaving us socially alienated with expanding ecological footprints. We need a new mindset to craft the new Home, one that addresses old challenges and new, embraces modernity and traditions, and offers us ways of coping with change.
The FuturArc Prize 2010 seeks to find new paradigms for designing the Home, as varied as the communities, climates and cultures in which they are situated.
The competition calls for a prototype for single or multiple family units amounting to no more than 10,000 square metres in total built-up area. Site selection is at the entrant's discretion and should be explained clearly in the submission. Only sites in Australia and Asia will be considered. Registration for the competition is free. All entrants are required to register online via the FuturArc Prize 2010 competition website at www.futurarc.com/prize. More information on the registration and submission requirements can also be found at the competition website.
TIMELINE & PRIZES
The competition is open from now till 15 December 2009. Entries must be submitted online at www.futurarc.com/prize. Winners will be notified on 31 March 2010. Awards and cash prizes (totalling up to SGD30,000) will be awarded in subsequent prize giving ceremonies.
Winning entries will be determined by an international jury of Green building experts. Dr Nirmal Kishnani the jury's chair said, "The FuturArc Prize, now into its third year, has become a veritable snapshot of the region, from Hong Kong to Sydney. Last year's entries raised the question of what sustainability means to different communities: urban and rural, modern and traditional, rich and poor. This year we expect more local perspectives and solutions to what is essentially a global problem. With each successive round, the bar has been raised higher; the jury has high expectations for 2010."
THE JURY
Nirmal Kishnani, PhD, is Chief Editor of the FuturArc Journal. He is both an educator and practitioner in the area of Green buildings, presently teaching at the Department of Architecture of the National University of Singapore. He has lectured and written widely on the subject of Greening in Asia and has been a consultant to projects across the region, most recently as head of a sustainability unit operating from Singapore. Dr Kishnani is Jury Chair of FuturArc Prize 2010.
Ray Cole, PhD, is the Director of the School of Architecture and Landscape Architecture at the University of British Columbia and Academic Director of the School's Design Center for Sustainability. Dr Cole was selected as a North American Association of Collegiate Schools of Architecture Distinguished Professor for "sustained commitment to building environmental research and teaching" in 2001. In 2003 he received the Architectural Institute of British Columbia Barbara Dalrymple Memorial Award for Community Service and the US Green Building Council's Green Public Service Leadership Award.
Peter Head, OBE FREng FRSA, is a Director in Arup (UK) where he heads a global team for planning and integrated urbanism. He is project director for the planning and development of the Dongtan Eco-city demonstrator on Chongming Island in Shanghai, and the Wanzhuang Eco-City in LangFang near Beijing. He was featured in the October 2008 issue of Time magazine, nominated as one of 30 global eco-heroes. In that same year, he was awarded the Sir Frank Whittle Medal by the Royal Academy of Engineering for his efforts to deliver an environmentally sustainable built environment. Peter is also strategic adviser to the Chair of the C40 Large Cities and Climate Leadership Group and the Clinton Carbon Positive Programme.
Kazuo Iwamura, M.E. is a Professor in the Faculty of Environment and Information studies at the Musashi Institute of Technology in Yokohama Japan and CEO of IWAMURA Atelier Co., Ltd. He is also Chair of ARCASIA's Committee for Green & Sustainable Architecture, UIA Councilor of Region IV (Asia + Oceania), Director of the UIA Work Programme Architecture for a Sustainable Future and a member of the board of the World Green Building Council.
Chrisna du Plessis, PhD, is a Principal Researcher at the Built Environment unit of the Council for Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR) in South Africa. With a background in architecture she is currently concentrating on urban sustainability science at both a theoretical and technological level. She was an ad hoc spokesperson on sustainability issues for the International Council for Research and Innovation for Building and Construction (CIB), and prepared the CIB/UNEP Agenda 21 for Sustainable Construction in Developing Countries. She is a member of CIB Working Group 116 on Smart and Sustainable Built Environments and the International Initiative for Sustainable Built Environments (iiSBE).
About the Competition
The FuturArc Prize was launched in 2007 by the BCI Group of Companies through its publication arm, FuturArc Journal, to seek out innovative Green building designs for sites in Australasia. The Competition has two objectives: first, to create a platform for talented individuals—professi onals and students—who are keen on environmental issues; second, to encourage the construction industry as a whole to move towards sustainable design.
About the Promoter
FuturArc Journal is the Competition Organiser. Published quarterly, the Journal is the region's leading voice in sustainable architecture and design as it recognises the impact of buildings on society and the environment. FuturArc promotes architecture that demonstrates creativity and social and environmental responsibility. For more information on the magazine, visit www.futurarc.com.
The Competition Registrar is BCI Asia Construction Information Pte Ltd, a subsidiary of the BCI Group of Companies.
FuturArc Prize Competition Registrar
371 Beach Road, #02-25 KeypointSingapore 199597t +65 6538 6836f +65 6538 6896e competitionregistra r@futurarc. com
